8.267 hp. It's not uncommon to see 10:1, or even 13:1 thrust to weight ratios. If you have any suggestions, you can reach out to me at ahmed (at) flythatdrone.com, Your email address will not be published. The Phantom has the same ratio as the Mavic and is again almost twice as heavy. Figure 3: Turnigy 5000 mAh/ 111 Wh LiPo battery (Photo: HobbyKing). Choose! Determine the maximum discharge of the battery. Get updates on new articles, and the latest drone news. The hobbyist buys parts and hopes they work, replacing parts to see what new results he/she can obtain. Choose the value crucial for your calculation. When a rotor rotates, it's propeller produces upward thrust given by F=K_f * (shown by forces F1, F2, F3 and F4 in Figure 2) where (omega) is rotation rate of rotor measured in radian / second.Constant K_f depends upon many factors like torque proportionality constant, back-EMF, Density of surrounding . The tool above is a simple calculator I put together to calculate the flight time using average current draw under actual load (total weight of the drone before takeoff) and your battery capacity and considers what kind of motors you are using (brushed or brushless). Thrust is measured in pounds of thrust in the U.S. and in newtons in the metric system. OK, I have one more homework question for you. I'm currently putting ideas together to build a quad but I'd like to start with a reasonable theory/calculations. Or I can approach it from the horizontal direction. The force (thrust) is equal to the exit mass flow rate times the exit velocity minus the free stream mass flow rate times the free stream velocity. What is the thrust force from the drones four rotors? 1211G + 1000G = Thrust *75%. This trade-off in choosing your propeller is like shifting gears in a car. The flight time is calculated by a theoretical and actual method. Enter the velocity, change in mass, and change in time into the calculator to determine the thrust force. A couple of other drones that are noteworthy are the F100 and Bugs 3. All Rights Reserved. Solving for thrust . Figure 2: Forces and Moments. Exclusive Content. You find a motor of 830 g thrust weighing 50 g which gives your drone an excess 120 g thrust while keeping it light! Just to double-check that, Im going to run a test analysis on something I already know about: the acceleration of a ball tossed straight up into the air. So you browse further for a lighter motor that can deliver 800 g thrust, and you get lucky! Drone propellers with different pitches also draw different amounts of current. For example, if you're only planning on capturing aerial photos or videos while gently flying and hovering your drone, you should choose a thrust-to-weight ratio of 2:1. The engineer learns the mechanisms . For example, if the total weight of your drone is 1 kg, the total thrust generated by the motors at 100% throttle should be 2Kg or 500g per motor (for quadcopter). The actual propeller diameter cannot be exactly equal to this value, otherwise the two propellers will fight. Pick a prop from the list, select the type of input (RPM or Thrust), provide a value, and click Calculate Now. Battery Capacity (C) = The batterys capacity is its ability to store electric charges. The drone flight time calculator is a simple tool that takes into account two parameters. Formula. Immortal_Conquer. Your email address will not be published. This is the velocity of the rocket itself, not the velocity of the exhaust. The calculation of the approximate weight of your drone is done by considering all the components of a drone. The Gross thrust formula is defined as the product of mass flow rate of air and the aircraft jet velocity is calculated using Gross Thrust = Air Flow Rate * Jet velocity of aircraft.To calculate Gross thrust, you need Air Flow Rate (m a) & Jet velocity of aircraft (C j).With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Air Flow Rate & Jet velocity of aircraft and hit the calculate button. Drone thrust must be greater than the weight of the drone, for that drone to take off and actually fly. Drone motors and propulsion systems are designed to be light, strong, balanced and efficient using as little battery power as possible. You've come to the right place if your drone design calculations are tedious. This is what makes the quadcopter design so awesome. Fitting a quadratic function to this data shows that the coefficient in front of the t 2 term should be equal to the acceleration divided by two. Keep the Drone Low: The drone is lowered to reduce the extra lift the drone may get from ground effects off of the table that the rig sits on. How do you calculate thrust on a propeller drone? The battery capacity is also written on the pack and is denoted in milliampere-hour (mAh). The purpose of your quadcopter propellers is to generate thrust and torque to keep your drone flying, and to maneuver. dt is the change in time. Lasers Are Mapping Scotlands Mysterious Iron Age Passages. This quad came as an RTF kit provided by Force 1. Remember that the time calculated with our tool might differ from the real flight time. In practice, loads change as you might want to add additional gears to your drone (prop guards, extra battery, bigger camera, etc.). The more efficient a motor is (or the bigger the g/W number is), the longer the copter will fly. Our thrust-to-weight ratio calculator is here to help you estimate one of the essential parameters for aircraft design - the trust-to-weight ratio. Heres a plot of horizontal position as a function of time: This time I get an acceleration of 4.88 m/s2. Here is a webpage with a calculator that you can use to determine the size. The hexacopter coordinate system is chosen to be aligned with the drone mounted sensors, so that the x- You will find this value printed on your battery. Armed with that data, it's just a hop, skip, and a jump to derive performance specs like acceleration and thrust. We can assume a weight of 2.5 kg. Estimating thrust is an important step in ensuring you select the right drone parts for a drone you'd like to build. Digitized archaeology is making souterrainssubterranean passages in the Highlandsaccessible in a way Indiana Jones could only dream of. This new battery weighs a whopping 655 g compared to our old battery that weighed just 155 g. Assuming all of our other components stay the same at 622 g, the total mass of our drone is now 1,277 g. We will therefore need to produce at least 12.5 N of thrust for the drone to hover (1.277 kg * 9.81),just over 3.1 N per propeller. IF A= Motor Thrust , B= Num of Motors, C= the weight of the craft itself, D= Hover Throttle % . If you're not sure what is your average amp draw, it's time to learn how to calculate it! Across the exit area we may encounter an additional force term equal to the exit area Ae times the exit pressure minus the free stream pressure. We can learn about our three propeller candidates by looking through the RCbenchmark database of electric motors, propellers and ESCs. Since this craft has 4 rotors , each rotor would need to produce at least 1/4 of the thrust or 90Kg / 4 = 22.5Kg . The Spark wont be breaking any speed records, but you can still bring it home in sport mode in a pretty stiff breeze. My phone says it records slo-mo at 240 frames per secondor, in other words, at 4.17 millisecond intervals. 5. Most of us would pass out with head-to-toe G forces of just. Thrust is the force which moves an aircraft through the air. Change the pitch - thrust changes. Since 2004 e Calc provides web-based quality services to simulate, calculate, evaluate and design electric brushless motor drives for RC pilots of airplane, multi rotor, UAV, helicopter and EDF jets. Turning to the math, the thrust F generated by the propeller disk is equal to the pressure jump delta p times the propeller disk area A : F = delta p * A. Thrust is generated by the propulsion system of the rocket through the application of Newton's third law of motion; For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Cond Nast. Get exclusive pre-order opportunities for products in development. The pitch is the drone propeller's theoretical traveling distance in one complete spin of 360. Step 1: Determine the weight of the drone. Calculation. The culprit wasn't humansbut the Earth itself. Payload Capacity + The weight of the craft itself = Thrust * Hover Throttle %. Think of a seesaw. If you enjoyed this article, you will also enjoy our free eBook:Drone Building and Optimization: How toHow to Increase Your Flight Time,Payload and Overall Efficiency. However, say you initially estimated only 50 g per motor. Putting this all together, I get a thrust force of 4.37 newtons. The drone is also positionedbeyond the edge of the table to eliminate reflected upward draft that would affect the measurement. You can use the thrust data in tandem with the Amps data to find the best efficiency for your setup. oz. Battery Discharge Margin (BDM) = It is highly recommended that the battery should never be discharged completely. The thrust-to-weight ratio is calculated by dividing the thrust (in SI units in newtons) by the weight (in newtons) of the engine or vehicle. Make sure to calculate the battery life, too! Note: If you use mAh as a Capacity unit and Kg as your unit of weight, you will get the time in Hours. We use average because the actual current draw varies greatly . v. Frame Size: mm. There are two measurements to consider when it comes to propeller sizes, e.g., 84": First number: diameter (length) of the imaginary disc ('arc') Second number: pitch, the length of the angle of the twist on an RC prop. As we can see in figure 9, the max current reached during various tests was about 42 A. Selecting a suitable motor after calculations is a game of balancing the weight and thrust requirements. 2023 Cond Nast. For the past two years, social distancing kept seasonal viruses at bay. Enter the weight of your drone body, battery, and equipment. But starting with a rough estimate of the drone's weight will make drone design calculation easier. The drone will hover in the air for 36 minutes, giving you more than enough time to shoot a 30-minute video. That . For this reason, we will start by swapping our old battery with a new battery that has around 100 - 125 Wh of capacity in order to increase our flight time. Ill start with the simplest case for accelerationstraight up. Therefore, as the rotor pushes down on the air, the air pushes up on the rotor. Created by Krishna Nelaturu. The design loop begins when the designer looks at how the first version of the design differs from the assumptions, then goes back to the beginning with the new information (figure 1). Free to use Propeller Sizing Calculators. A higher-capacity battery can provide continuous electric energy for a longer time. Most of the propeller diameter specifications . (GSD) and How Does it Affect Your Drone Data? Needs. Understanding Prop Sizes & Labelling. Normally, the magnitude of the pressure-area term is small relative to the m dot-V terms. However, it is also a crucial factor in determining the performance of any aircraft. 4.2 Thrust Calculation : This is very important Designing Parameter. This calculation is essential because drones can perform at low speeds proportional to the ground. Propeller 2 is slightly more efficient, but it is also heavier. The Era of One-Shot, Multimillion-Dollar Genetic Cures Is Here. It is given by: A higher thrust-to-weight ratio indicates that the engine is powerful enough to propel the aircraft even while carrying a large load. inch. A good first step is figuring out how much thrust you need (per propeller) and choosing some propellers that are suitable for that range to compare. The video essentially gives me a series of time-stamped snapshots of the drone as it moves, but I need to know the frame rate to calibrate the time scale. WIRED is where tomorrow is realized. If your drone flies in strong wind or moves around a lot, the flight time will decrease to around 50%. To know how much thrust your drone will produce for a given propeller, you have to test the motor . Then, proceed to divide the thrust by the weight to get the ratio. Every formula (not calculator) I have seen always has pitch as a variable when calculating thrust. The fast plane sacrifices high static thrust, as indicated by a lower thrust curve near the left of the plot, in exchange for higher dynamic thrust and top speed, as indicated by extending the curve to the right on the plot. Thrust is the force which moves the rocket through the air, and through space. All you need to do is use the following equation: AAD Average amp draw, expressed in amperes. A commonly used rule is that velocity of the air at the propeller is v=v of the total change in air velocity: Therefore, and equation 3 is derived. Special thanks to Morris (MorrisM) and Phil (Dr. Kiwi) for providing the data to derive the equations. The Spark is less than half the weight of the Mavic and has the lowest ratio of the DJI drones that we tested, with a thrust-to-weight ratio of 1.9. ): 460.5 g, 6030R Gemfan => diameter: 6", pitch: 3", mass 2.22 g, 6040R King Kong => diameter: 6", pitch: 4", mass 3.38 g, 5030R Gemfan => diameter: 5", pitch: 4", mass 3.00 g, Our frame limits us to propellers that are 6 or less in diameter, but we can still experiment with our pitch, material, and brand. Using the horizontal forces, I get 2.63. Drones are incredible, as evidenced by UAVs with a payload of upwards of 500 pounds. i am waiting for your response. That said, I'm not entirely sure you actually need it, it's usually sufficient to ensure that the drone's static thrust to weight ratio is high enough (2.5+ is a good number for slow flyers such as camera drones; 4 is good for sporty . Equation 4 gives the power that is absorbed by the propeller from the motor. But there is another plausible explanation. Will an 8.8 Ah battery be suitable for this job? Similar to power-to-weight ratio, the thrust-to-weight ratio measures how much thrust is available per unit mass of the drone.This is a design decision that you have to make based on the drone application. For instance, a 12x8 APC E prop takes about 86 W to produce 27 oz of thrust at 5000 RPM. Propeller calculators. Step 2: Add 20% to that total to ensure that your drone will be able to hover. Enter the thrust-to-weight ratio that you've chosen. After a quick look at the online marketplaces, it is evident that 4g makes no difference in terms of capacity for batteries of this size. It could be the key to colonizing Mars. We will use the, Propeller 1 diameter: 6, pitch: 4, mass: 3.38 g, material: plastic, Propeller 2 diameter: 6, pitch: 4, mass: 4.32 g, material: nylon, Propeller 3 diameter: 6, pitch: 4.5, mass: 6.78 g, material: carbon fiber (CF). dm is the change in mass. Plot Efficiency - Output Power - Power Loss and RPM vs Current based on setup above : Efficiency (%) Output Power (W) Power Loss (W) RPM x 1000. Registered User. . You don't need any complicated pitching blades like in a helicopter. Throttle Volts Amps Watts RPM Thrust(g) Winding Temp (F/C) 25% 16.43 1.20 20 4202 139 78/26 50% 16.34 2.97 49 6162 357 78/26 75% 16.16 7.07 114 8175 705 83/28 100% 15.88 13.58 216 9596 1034 125/52. Admittedly, we dont always try to crash. As shown in figure 6, at our original hover thrust of 3.1 N (0.32 kgf) and at our new hover thrust of 5.0 N (0.51 kgf) the efficiency of propeller 1 and propeller 2 is very similar, separated by only about 0.1 gf/W. Calculated FSA: 69.28. How about an analysis of the aeronautics of this particular drone, the DJI Spark. Although the average drone might carry a few kilograms, plenty of heavy-hitters for professional drone pilots have a higher weight capacity, sometimes around 25 or 50 pounds. In our case we do not expect our motor to exceed 42 A, so an ESC like the HobbyKing 60A ESC 4A SBEC will work great. *Check out our battery capacity calculator to calculate battery capacities. It is the essential source of information and ideas that make sense of a world in constant transformation. Ahmed is a mechanical engineer with a passion for building & flying quadcopters and drones. Measure the horizontal acceleration for the drone as it slows to a stop. But wait! Roll is the rotation of the drone to bend left or bend right. Trig functions are really just ratios of the sides of right triangles. Figure 1: The drone design loop illustrated. Average Amp Draw: To work out the value for average amp draw, you'll need to know the all up weight (AUW) of your drone and relate this to thrust and amp values found in the datasheet for your motor/prop configuration. | Best drones of 2021 ($200 edition). However, the number of blades isn't a mandatory part of propeller numbers. The total thrust required to make the drone fly is given by: thrust = thrust-to-weight-ratio total drone weight. if your FPV drone take 2000g to flight, each motor will have to produce 500g (500g = 2000g / 4 motors) of thrust in order to . Collecting propulsion data is one of the best ways to determine where there is room for improvement in your drone, and we offer many test stands and tools to help you do so. Required fields are marked *. I have tested this calculator on a few drones I got the opportunity to fly and found this to be quite accurate. If you are always going to by flying gently and smoothly increase the weight so that you hover at around 70% throttle for a less responsive drone. In the following article, let's take a closer look at the thrust-to-weight ratio and how to calculate it. We built a custom test rig and so far we have put more than 20 drones through this test. From the database we find the Hypetrain Blaster 2207 2450 Kv, which meets our criteria. The efficiency difference at hover thrust is about 2.2% (55.6% vs. 53.4%), but the 2300 Kv motor is also lighter (32.37 g vs. 36.96 g), so it makes our decision easy. If you look at the line for the prop 124.5-MR, you will see that this prop and motor combination produces 1168 grams of thrust. Decide how many watts are required to lift one kilogram. I'm using a standard 9v dc motor. If you find this calculator useful, please feel free to share it with your friends. Larger diameter & less pitch = more thrust, less top speed. (2) Formula of pressure=ThrustArea on which it acts. Of course, if we watched it for longer, it would reach some constant velocity. Using the drone thrust formula: So you need four motors of 800 g thrust capacity. The results of the swappable battery innovation in this study is the drone prototype with 236.16 Wh energy and 4s4p configuration. Its advantage is that it presents outputs in terms of thrusttoweight ratio, load, hover flight time, specific . Our drone motor calculator has everything you need to choose the proper motor. How do you calculate thrust force from velocity? Enter the thrust and weight values of the two different designs. Thats my guess. The idea is to work out how many . In our experience, good performing drones have a ratio over 1.5. Drone Building and Optimization: How toHow to Increase Your Flight Time. Physicists Rewrite a Quantum Rule That Clashes With Our Universe. FREE BONUS: Get 14 amazingaerial drone photo wallpapers. After playing around a bit, I got a time interval of 4.28 millisecondsso actually about 234 frames per second. So if your total weight of your quadcopter is 800g, your motors on a quadcopter will need to produce 1.6Kg of thrust in total, or, We all know drones can be very useful for moving payloads through the air, but how much weight can a drone lift? Static thrust =. On top of that, it takes pictures and videos. Our drone motor calculator is straightforward to use: For your next challenge, try your hand at designing a rocket! First, for the difference between the two calculations: It's possible that there could be a significant air resistance pushing against the horizontal acceleration. Equation 2 gives thrust based on the Momentum Theory. Oh, what about air resistance? Dear adam, i am a newbie in ROV design, i have selected my bldc motor with torque 15.5 N.m , i selected the propeller with 2 blades 1045. i want to ask how much the motor generate thrust with these propellers, any formula or any calculation. This defines the selection of motors and propeller combination according to the thrust requirement . At this point in the design process, you. The only moving parts are the four horizontal rotors. For example, if you have a 3000lb boat, fully loaded, then the calculation is (3000/100) * 2 = 60lbs of thrust. FCU Tilt Limit: no limit 10 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80. Here is how the Thrust on Propeller calculation can be explained with given input values -> 7853.982 = (pi/4)*(10^2)*100. Figure 2: Flight time vs. battery capacity for the original drone design. Alternatively, provide the drone's total weight. You should probably be about half this for a quadcopter that flies well, so try to get its weight under 2.8 kg. pt0 = p0 + .5 * r * V0 ^2. Flight time is one of the first and most important parameters you check for before buying a drone. In this video we show a basic calculation that can be useful if you are building your own drone. Whether you're designing an RC drone or a full-fledged aircraft, you can determine whether the thrust-to-weight ratio of your design is to your . Racing drones typically dial in at over 3.0, but you can race anything that can fly, and some mini racers may be less powerful. Thrust to Weight Ratio Calculator. The study [17], also used it to calculate the takeoff thrust of a multirotor drone. Step 2: Add 20% to that total to ensure that your drone will be able to hover. Let me know if that answers your questions. Drone motors are rated for thrust in grams or ounces. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. You will learn how to calculate the thrust for your drone and select the suitable motor for it in this article. But it doesn't keep acceleratingbefore 1.5 seconds are up, it reaches a constant upward velocity of 3.67 m/s. Here's an example: 5x4.5x3. WIRED may earn a portion of sales from products that are purchased through our site as part of our Affiliate Partnerships with retailers. Doing so will not only lessen its life, but it also puts your drone at risk of falling out of the sky dead if the battery suddenly plummets. Many factors thus come in to play, summarized in the formula below (see previous article on increasing flight timefor more details): We can copy+paste our propulsion test data into this handy flight time calculator, plug in our weight and battery capacity, and it will give us the best estimate of our flight time based on our data. About 14 Newtons of thrust per motor. The first thing to consider while designing a drone is its weight. Required fields are marked *. The following table is a collection of typical thrust-to-weight ratios for different applications. Since I have this fascination with drones, it's only logical to take the next step and use it for some physics. Etc based on the use of different props? At a constant speed, acceleration is zero, but now there are three forces acting on the drone: the upward thrust force and the downward forces of gravity and air resistance. Ill be honest: I love my drone. Let's analyze the following example: you want your drone to hover in the air for thirty minutes to take an aerial video. Thrust is defined as the total force generated by the exhaust of burning fuel in a rocket. The quadcopter's flight controller sends information to the motors via their electronic speed control circuits (ESC) information on thrust, RPM, (Revolutions Per Minute) and direction. We will also provide you with a simple quadcopter flight time formula that makes the otherwise complex calculations a breeze. You might think that, but the drone thrusters still have to deal with the downward gravitational force in order to keep the drone from falling. Login. Answer (1 of 10): why u want to calculate upthrust simply place ur motors at the 4 corner let in (+) sign let these are 4 sides as map name north, south, east, west the motors are N, S, E, W in this N and S motor are thrusting down side and E and W thrusting upside so that ur chopper wil always. Here is the new breakdown: Based on these new values, we have 1392.7 g of mass available for our battery. Hence, you can use an alternative version of the formula above: where I stands for the current (in amps) required to lift one kilogram into the air. 318.20 / 25.4 = 12.5 inches. These forces are vectors, which means they can act in both the horizontal (x) and vertical (y) directions at the same time. The normalized thrust . T (as well as the accompanying normalized lift . L. and drag . They are not intended to perform complex cavitation or efficiency calculations. If you're not sure how to calculate it, keep reading we will help you determine the amp draw based on parameters such as the quadcopter weight or battery voltage. Finally, the only true racing drone that we have tested so far is the DYS XDR200. In a quadcopter, the total difference would be 3.76 g ((4.32 g - 3.38 g)*4). Keep in mind that for an agile aircraft you generally you want it to hover at 50% throttle or lower. As we have seen, the drone design process is cyclical and theres almost always room to improve a design. We assume that your drone mostly hovers in the air every time it performs some elaborate maneuvers, one of the motors has to work faster and hence uses up more current. The first number represents the diameter in inches. Click hereto watch the recording. The inside volume of the tube is 412,132 cubic millimeters I believe: Inner diameter is 80mm and length was 82mm. For this reason, and the negligible effect of 4 g of mass for our drone, it makes sense to use propeller 2 due to its higher efficiency. In our previous article, How to Increase a Drone's Flight Time and Lift Capacity, we covered the first stage of the design process and reached a first version of our design. Calculate the average amp draw: AAD = AUW P / V. AAD = 2.5 170 / 36 = 11.8 A. Calculate Thrust of Motors; Thread Tools: May 04, 2017, 01:32 PM #1; Immortal_Conquer. The Turnigy 5000mAh 6S LiPo pack nicely fits our criteria with 111 Wh of capacity (figure 3). How to calculate Thrust on Propeller using this online calculator? The Fulcrum:The bearings we picked have practically no friction so we can get accurate measurements. The efficiency is commonly expressed as the thrust divided by the power used in watts or g/W. We all know drones can be very useful for moving payloads through the air, but how much weight can a drone lift? And it can do aerial maneuvers at up to 12 Gs, beyond what a human pilot can endure without losing consciousness. We dont want to operate the motor at its maximum speed for too long, but we also dont want to haul a motor that produces more thrust and torque than we need. The following formula is used to calculate the thrust of force of a rocket. . Step 3: Static Thrust and Power. Thats why the line becomes straight. Scientists are on the verge of figuring out how to put humans in a state of suspended animation. Despite the extra pounds, the Mavic has a ratio of 2.5, making it a fast, maneuverable andsporty photography drone. The higher the capacity, the more energy is stored in the battery. For example, let's say your quadcopter drone weighs 800 g in total, and you chose a thrust-to-weight ratio of 4:1. Before we get to those results, we will quickly describe what drone thrust is and why you should care how much thrust your drone can produce. Lift (L) = q*S*CL where q = 0.5 *rho*V^2 is the Dynamic Pressure, given by the product of the air density (rho) times the air velocity squared (V).9 May 2016, Your email address will not be published. This gives an acceleration of 9.822 m/s2. The Turnigy High Capacity 16000 mAh 4S 12C Lipo Pack has the highest capacity in Wh of all the batteries in our weight range,giving us 4 * 3.7 * 16 = 236.8 Wh. Double the drone's weight in order to calculate the minimum amount of thrust you'll need from a motor. Building the firstversion of the drone relies on certain assumptions, many of which will change as components are selected and the design comes together. Our drone flight time calculator assumes a conservative estimate of 170 W/kg. For this calculator, we will measure it in Amperes. how to find center of gravity calculation, Hi L Anil, During the coronavirus lockdowns, emissions of the potent greenhouse gas somehow soared. Some more efficient systems can take less, for example, 120 W/kg; if that's your case, don't hesitate to adjust its value. Drones, physicswhat could be better? Power to Weight ratio (P) = We use P to describe how much power the motors need to lift one unit of weight. How Far Can You Fly a Battery-Powered Jumbo Jet? Drone thrust calculation: drone thrust formula. discharge Battery discharge that you allow during the flight. The downward gravitational force and the vertical component of thrust exactly offset. This is where the design loop begins, as we swap components to try and build the drone that best meets our needs. Great article. You can use this feature to compare two different designs. With a tilt angle, , of 33.8 degrees (measured from the video), these equations give me two different values for the total thrust magnitude: Working from the vertical forces, I get 3.54 newtons. Understandably, you won't know the precise weight until you decide on the motors.
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