[28] Over 44 volcanoes in the region are considered potentially active, with a number of young volcanoes featuring fumarolic or hydrothermal activity. [72] At least four alignments of volcanoes are recognized in the region. [12] However, the inhabitants of the town of Camar consider Lascar a protective mountain spirit[13] and in Susques (Argentina) it is believed that snow will fall if Lascar is steaming strongly. [36], The volcano sits above a major local geological trend, the northsouth Miscanti Line. [247] In 1993, yearly precipitation at several towns around Lascar ranged from 2.5 to 20.1 millimetres (0.098 to 0.791in). The next day, additional explosions occurred at 15:04, 15:05 and 17:39 UTC, with a maximum column height of 7 kilometres (4.3mi). [45] Noticeable erosion occurred in the areas over which pyroclastic flows had passed, forming abrasion surfaces and removing loose detritus from the ground. [51] This dacitic lava was erupted on Lascar at high altitude and has a blocky surface. [47] This Plinian deposit reaches thicknesses of 22 metres (72ft) and fell from a 22-to-30-kilometre-high (14 to 19mi) eruption column. [67] Additional component minerals found at Lascar include anorthite, augite bordering on diopside, bronzite, fassaite, forsterite, hypersthene, pigeonite and more. [36] This limestone formation has been identified as the Yacoraite formation. [3] Immediately east of it lies the eastern cone, which is contiguous with the western cone. VW is a higher education, k-12, and public outreach project of the Oregon Space Grant Consortium Colors of Iceland: Fire, Earth, Ice and Water, Lascar volcano (Northern Chile) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 14 December-20 December 2022 (New Activity / Unrest), Lascar volcano (Northern Chile) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 7 December-13 December 2022 (New Activity / Unrest), Latest earthquakes under Yellowstone volcano. Data available through GEOFON. [67], The Quebrada Talabre cuts into the upper flanks of Lascar[64] and eventually joins the Quebrada Soncor. [156] The frequent smaller explosive events commonly occur unexpectedly and can thus endanger people on the mountain. Today the volcanic complex consists of the dormant western edifice and the active eastern edifice, the latter comprising three overlapping craters. [182] Hot pyroclastic flows on the southeastern flank covered a surface area of 1318.5 kilometres (8.111.5mi). [91], Lascar emits plumes of gas and white clouds of condensed water vapor,[29] mostly over many hundreds of fumarolic vents, which are chiefly located in the active crater. [107][108] In 2005, Lascar was the third-largest source of volcanic sulfur dioxide in the world among continuously active volcanoes, behind Etna in Italy and Bagana in Papua-New Guinea. [249] 8,500 years ago, the climate in the region became much drier, and the amount of erosion decreased substantially. [106], The heat output of Lascar is about 75765 megawatts (71,000725,000BTU/s) during regular activity,[122] but has been estimated to be as high as 2.5 gigawatts (2,400,000BTU/s). [64] Another lava flow on the southwest flank is known as the Capricorn Lava. A volcano in the Andes in Chile's north rumbled to life early Saturday, triggering minor earth tremors and sending a plume of smoke and ash 6,000 meters (nearly 20,000 feet) into a clear sky. Four eruptions occurred at 15:20, 17:22, 19:00 and 21:00 UTC, forming eruption columns reaching altitudes of 10 kilometres (6.2mi). [215] The collapse structures during this activity were larger than those noted in previous activity, possibly because the April 1993 eruption had emptied part of the system. [145] The ignimbrite features three facies, one rich in breccia, another rich in pumice, and a normal ignimbrite. This dome began to shrink in October 1989, and in December 1989, white clouds rose 2 kilometres (1.2mi) above Lascar's crater. [36][44] Other basement rocks are the sandstone-containing marine DevonianCarboniferous Lila formation, the red-orange Permian Cas formation containing volcanic rocks and granites,[21][37] as well as the volcanic PermianTriassic Peine formation and Cerro Negro strata, which also contain intruded rocks and lake sediments. Res. [88] Such tremors may be produced by the movement of liquid materials in the volcano. Glowing was also reported in October and November 2013. [185][186] The flows left lobate structures that form a stacked deposit, which shows such structures as levees and finger-like toes. [55] The extinct western cone (also known as Apagado) is composed of layers of lava and pyroclastics. [194], The flows were strongly erosive, extracting rocks and material from the bedrock, even far away from the vent. Lscar Volcano, located in the Chilean Andes 70 km SE of San Pedro de Atacama, is the most active volcano of the Central Volcanic Zone. Acamarachi is the white cone on the right. [114] Finally, Lascar is vigorous producer of sulfate dust particles,[113] which are released at a rate of about 100,000 trillion particles per second. [38], Lascar is located in the main volcanic arc, on the western margin of the Altiplano. It was emplaced after the collapse of the oldest edifice, covering Aguas Calientes' western slopes. The importance of the multidisciplinary approach. 2017-03-03 22:36:33. [227] Such ash falls could potentially hit the towns of San Pedro de Atacama, Talabre and Toconao as well as the Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, the San Pedro de AtacamaPaso de JamaJujuy international road[240] and the Sico Pass. This sulfur extraction was facilitated by the high oxygen content of the magma, which allowed the formation of sulfur dioxide. The movement of lithospheric plates affects surface features at plate boundaries and within the interiors of both oceanic and continental plates. [50] These domes cover a surface area of about 90 square kilometres (35sqmi). Panorama from the Lascar Southern pyroclastic flow. The western edifice generated a complex of lava domes (stage II),[53] which was probably surrounded by a horseshoe-shaped crater open to the west. A volcano that is erupting. [220], Further activity occurred in May 2005, with a 810-kilometre-high (5.06.2mi) ash cloud, and in April 2006. [19] It is possible that when these ridges are subducted, the buoyancy they carry disrupts the subduction process and reduces the supply of water, which is important for the formation of melts. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Long-period earthquakes with magnitudes not exceeding 1.3 were also recorded, with a maximum of 209 events noted in May 2015. [184] The total area covered by the flows is about 14.2 square kilometres (5.5sqmi) on the northern slopes (Tumbres fan)[185] and 4.3 square kilometres (1.7sqmi) on the southern slopes (Lejia fan). lascar volcano. Get started for FREE Continue. [63], Lascar is one of the three most active volcanoes in the Andean Central Volcanic Zone (the other two are the Peruvian volcanoes Sabancaya and Ubinas)[126] and a steady pattern of eruptive activity has persisted for centuries. A major eruption occurred at the Lascar Volcano. Lscar Volcano, located in the Chilean Andes 70 km SE of San Pedro de Atacama, is the most active volcano of the Central Volcanic Zone. [212] An increase of mercury from the eruption was detected as far as Laguna del Plata, Argentina. [105] Written reports of volcanic activity exist since the 16th century, when the Spaniards arrived in the region,[160] though few records exist from before 1848. Lascar is the most active volcano in the central Andes. Blog. The seismicity was the most notable recorded since the eruption on 10 December. [164] This eruption was the most significant of the previous two decades,[163] having a VEI of 3. A volcano in the Andes in Chile's north rumbled to life early Saturday, triggering minor earth tremors and sending a plume of smoke and ash 6,000 meters (nearly 20,000 feet) into a clear sky.. Wiki User. [213] The 1993 eruption was followed by a significant increase in the fluorine content of plants covered by the ash. At what boundaries do volcanoes form? [196] Additional surfaces were covered by ash cloud surges, reaching thicknesses of no more than 5 centimetres (2.0in) on the sides of the pyroclastic flows. Science of Geology and Scientific Method 1. [129] The Observatorio Volcanolgico de los Andes del Sur in Temuco also employs webcams to watch Lascar. [34] It probably formed when one of the craters filled with andesitic lava to the point of overflow. Lascar is the most active volcano in the central Andes. [89] There appear to be two distinct chamber systems, an andesitic one that is responsible for the frequent andesite lava and pyroclastic flow activity, and a dacitic one that was involved in the Piedras Grandes and Soncor activities. The largest historical eruption of Lascar took place in 1993, producing pyroclastic flows to 8.5 km NW of the summit. A volcano in the Andes in Chile's north rumbled to life on Saturday, triggering minor earth tremors and sending a plume of smoke and ash thousands of metres into the sky.. Chile's National Geology and Mining Service reported that the Lascar volcano stirred at 12.36pm. [222] The 18 April eruption was seen from the El Abra copper mine 220 kilometres (140mi) away and resulted in ash fall north-northeast from the volcano. [214] During April 1993, a new lava dome formed in the crater, reaching a diameter of 380 metres (1,250ft). [168] The temperatures of the lava dome can reach 148367C (298693F). Lascar is just left of Aguas Calientes, which is the central cone. [252] Other reports claim that flamingos remained; other animals like donkeys and llamas were seen around the volcano one day after its eruption.[209]. [153] Such a vent or caldera is substantially smaller than the volume of rocks erupted, a discrepancy that is also evident in the 1932 eruption of Quizapu. [67], A major Plinian eruption occurred 26,450 500 years ago,[137] releasing 1015 cubic kilometres (2.43.6cumi) of ejecta, both volcanic ash and pyroclastic flows. The Branches of Geology and Career 4. The eastern edifice formed first (stage I), erupting andesite containing pyroxene, and eventually forming the Chaile and Saltar pyroclastic flows. [209] About 900,000 tonnes (890,000 long tons; 990,000 short tons) of gypsum was deposited in the drainages around the volcano, forming a significant supply of sulfur in the region. Dacite has more plagioclase and rhyolite. Aguas Calientes in the middle; Lascar on the left. Large lava flows are visible on its NW flanks. [10] Unlike the neighbouring volcanoes Acamarachi, Licancabur and Quimal, there is no evidence of archeological sites on Lascar,[11] possibly because of the volcanic activity. It is the most active volcano in the region, with records of eruptions going back to 1848. The Cascade volcanoes in the northwestern United States and the volcanoes in Mexico and Central America are related to the subduction under the North American Plate of the small Juan de Fuca and Cocos plates, which are on the east side of the Pacific Plate. [90] The Piedras Grandes unit is over 26,500 years old,[39] possibly between 63,000 and 100,000 years old. [68] Traces of glacial action are found on the older parts of Lascar at altitudes above 4,600 metres (15,100ft) and include meltwater gorges, striated rock surfaces, and U-shaped valleys. On 17 December 1993, another explosion created an eruption column 810 kilometres (5.06.2mi) high. [248], Volcanic activity at Lascar affects neighbouring ecosystems such as the Aguas Calientes crater lake and Laguna Lejia; flamingos disappeared from the latter after the 1993 eruption and did not return until 2007. [64] The total volume of these pyroclastic flows is about 0.06 cubic kilometres (0.014cumi). [248], During the glacial periods, the volcano most likely featured small glaciers. This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report. joerouse12. [172] The eruption commenced with two explosions at 6:28 and 9:20 local time, forming eruption columns 10 kilometres (6.2mi) high. Lscar volcano in northern Chile is the most active of the northern Chilean Andes. [66] While the Piedras Grandes flow was formed by a glacier run that transported blocks with sizes of up to 8 metres (26ft), Soncor was formed by a large eruption. In the case of the Andes, the oceanic Nazca Plate and part of the oceanic Antarctic Plate slide towards the continental South American Plate. Minerals encountered in xenoliths include andradite, anhydrite, anorthite, apatite, biotite, calcite, diopside, fassaite, garnet, gypsum, ilmenite, magnetite, monazite, orthopyroxene, perovskite, plagioclase, prehnite, quartz, sphene, thorite, wilkeite, wollastonite and zircon. [116] The release of gas by the magma is favoured by strong temperature contrasts between incoming magma and the magma chamber,[94] and processes occurring during the mixing may explain the high emission of sulfur dioxide by Lascar. [245] High nickel concentrations in crops from Talabre appear to be caused by volcanic activity as well. [27] They are constructed on a crust that is between 50 and 70 kilometres (31 and 43mi) thick. Unmanned aerial vehicles,[236] occasional reconnaissance flights and infrequent visits to the volcano are also used. There were no injuries[211] or fatalities,[8] however the eruption did lead to water pollution in the region, including increases in cadmium, copper and lead concentrations in local rivers. [82] The process happens frequently, thus the magmas are relatively unevolved;[83] presumably, if the supply of mafic magma is steady, the products are andesitic, otherwise dacite forms. Because the former are. Test. Lascar is a stratovolcano in Chile within the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, a volcanic arc that spans Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile. Bunch grass and shrubs grow on the volcano's slopes. [156], Heavy metal exposure is a problem for the region. [129], A monitoring network has been built around the volcano beginning from 2010. [42] Tumisa, to the south of Lascar, was active between 2.5 and 0.4 million years ago,[43] is composed of dacite and surrounded by pyroclastic flow deposits. [219] No lava domes were recorded in the crater during that period. [128] The towns of Tumbres and Talabre may be affected by pyroclastic flows, and ash falls can occur east of the volcano. This pulse generated an eruption column 23 kilometres (14mi) high. In this remote territory, where eruptions are poorly recorded, many volcanoes are higher than 6,000 metres (20,000ft). The San Andreas Fault Zone is not the only active transform plate boundary with U. S. National Park Service sites. [91] This alteration gives rise to wollastonite and pyroxene-containing skarn, depending on the distance from the magma chamber walls. [134] It is white, heterogeneous[90] and mostly featureless with only weak sorting,[144] but features a noticeable compositional zonation. [187] The speed of these flows has been estimated at 100700 kilometres per hour (62435mph). [216][217], An eruption in July 2000 was seen from Chuquicamata, and the noise was audible as far as San Antonio de los Cobres, 160 kilometres (99mi) away. [104] Overall sulfur output ranges between 200 and 2,300 tonnes per day (2.3 and 26.6kg/s). [138] An ice cap formed over Lascar at that time, feeding two glaciers that extended northeast and southeast away from the volcano. [98] Total flux is estimated to be 1,31218,469 kilograms per second (2,89040,720lb/s),[87] and occurs even between eruptions. 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