The SLPP, which was then the most popular political party in the colony of Sierra Leone as well as being supported by the powerful paramount chiefs in the provinces, won the most seats in Parliament and Margai was re-elected as Chief Minister by a landslide. Female. Religious tolerance in the West African nation is very high and is generally considered a norm and part of Sierra Leone's cultural identity. The first is the Guma plant which was decommissioned in 1982, the second is the Dodo Plant which is located in the Eastern Province, and finally the Bumbuna plant. One traditional leader from each district occupies a seat in Sierra Leone's parliament. The ACRM junta arrested many senior NRC members. Sierra Leone's national politics centres on the competition between the north-west, dominated by the Temne, and the south-east dominated by the Mende. Sierra Leone's highways are linked to Conakry, Guinea, and Monrovia, Liberia. The Sherbro are primarily fisherman and farmers, and they are predominantly found in Bonthe District. Soon after Albert Margai was sworn in as Prime Minister, he fired several senior government officials who had served in his elder brother Sir Milton's government, viewing them as a threat to his administration, including Karefa-Smart. The country has three universities: Fourah Bay College, founded in 1827 (the oldest university in West Africa),[214] University of Makeni (established initially in September 2005 as The Fatima Institute, the college was granted university status in August 2009, and assumed the name University of Makeni, or UNIMAK), and Njala University, primarily located in Bo District. In 2001, UN forces moved into rebel-held areas and began to disarm rebel soldiers. [83] Brigadier Lansana and Hinga Norman, the main army officers involved in the first coup (1967), were unceremoniously dismissed from the armed forces and made to serve time in prison. Male. [38] Many of these Loyalists had been slaves who had escaped to join the British, lured by promises of freedom (emancipation). Authorities have been slow to implement reforms in the civil service, and the pace of the privatisation programme is also slackening and donors have urged its advancement. Sierra Leone,[note 1] officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. [3] [4] It is one of the sixteen Districts of Sierra Leone. Rural areas are the most common to lack access to education having only male-headed four per cent ahead of females with basic education and 1.2 per cent more at post-graduate level. The ratio of men and women in Bo District, Sierra Leone. One of the biggest minority ethnic groups are the Fula at around 3.8% of the population. What Are The Biggest Industries In Sierra Leone? The British began to take interest in Sierra Leone and in 1672 the Royal African Company established trading forts on the Islands of Bunce and York. Each one of Sierra Leone's 14 districts is headed by a district police commissioner who is the professional head of their respective district. [49] Black settlers in Sierra Leone enjoyed much more autonomy than their white equivalent in European countries. Later, Margai used the same skills to win over opposition leaders and moderate Krio elements to achieve independence from the UK.[70]. [262] However, the team was unable to obtain Canadian visas to play in the tournament, which was held in Toronto.[263]. Based on 2015 estimates of the population of Sierra Leone, 77% of the population are Muslims, 22% are Christians, and 1% practise African traditional religion. [203] The Jehovahs Witnesses[204] and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints[205][206] are the two most prominent non-Trinitarian Christians in Sierra Leone, and they form a small but significant minority of the Christian population in Sierra Leone. Bio replaced outgoing President Ernest Bai Koroma after Bio was sworn into office on 4 April 2018 by Chief Justice Abdulai Cham. All of Sierra Leone's Heads of State have been Christians except Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, who was a Muslim. Much of the recovery will depend on the success of the government's efforts to limit corruption by officials, which many feel was the chief cause of the civil war. After the return to civilian rule, by-elections were held (beginning in autumn 1968) and an all-APC cabinet was appointed. As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases. The hostage crisis resulted in more fighting between the RUF and the government as UN troops launched Operation Khukri to end the siege. One source estimates the population at 14,915,[173] whilst another puts it as high as 85,313. The current president is Julius Maada Bio. Cultural events and festivals are also organized in the city on a regular basis. List of districts of Sierra Leone by Human Development Index, "Sierra Leone unveils new geographical map", "National Electoral Commission - Press Release", "2015 Population and Housing Census Final Results", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Sierra_Leone&oldid=1114634415, This page was last edited on 7 October 2022, at 13:52. It has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but participated in the 1994 and 1996 African Cup of Nations. Native to Sierra Leone, they have occupied Sherbro Island since it was founded. The president appoints and heads a cabinet of ministers, which must be approved by the Parliament. [71] In 1953, Sierra Leone was granted local ministerial powers and Margai was elected Chief Minister of Sierra Leone. The population of Bo is estimated at about 233,684 . [131] Typically, chiefs have the power to "raise taxes, control the judicial system, and allocate land, the most important resource in rural areas. Margai was accused of favouring members of his own Mende ethnic group for prominent positions. Bai Sherbro was captured and with Bai Bureh, exiled to the Gold Coast (modern Ghana). Problems experienced with access to the Internet include an intermittent electricity supply and a slow connection speed in the country outside Freetown. The Kuranko are believed to have begun arriving in Sierra Leone from Guinea in about 1600 and settled in the north, particularly in Koinadugu District. There are five hundred Ahmadiyya Mosque across Sierra Leone. The next few years under the Momoh administration were characterised by corruption, which Momoh defused by sacking several senior cabinet ministers. Bureh was allowed to return in 1905, when he resumed his chieftaincy of Kasseh. [20] Much trust was placed upon him as he championed multi-party politics. Major port cities are Bonthe, Freetown, Sherbro Island and Pepel. Many Sierra Leonean youth follow the local football league. The Sierra Leone National Premier League is the top professional football league in Sierra Leone and is controlled by the Sierra Leone Football Association. . There are ten regional airports in Sierra Leone, and one international airport. The incident brought religious tension in Sierra Leone, in a country known for its high level of religious tolerance, as many Sierra Leonean Muslims at home and abroad called for Ajisafe to be deported back to his home country of Nigeria. Freetown has internet cafs and other businesses offering internet access. Ahmadiyya Muslims make up about 10% of the country's Muslim population. Prior to the arrival of Pedro da Cintra in 1462, Sierra Leones history can be briefly ascribed to its composition of few ethnic groups, prominent amongst these were Limba who already lived in Sierra Leone around the 8th Century and there is no clear evidence about their origin. The country is home to the Sierra Leone Inter-Religious Council, which is made up of both Christian and Muslim religious leaders to promote peace and tolerance throughout the country. Stations mainly consist of local commercial stations with a limited broadcast range, combined with a few stations with national coverage Capital Radio Sierra Leone being the largest of the commercial stations. The large majority of Sierra Leonean Christians are Protestant, of which the largest groups are the Wesleyan Methodists. This would imply that the identity of the person who named Sierra Leone is unknown. Lansana placed Stevens under house arrest in Freetown and insisted that the determination of the Prime Minister should await the election of the tribal representatives to the House. While free health care may be provided in some villages, the medical staff is poorly paid and sometimes charge for their services, taking advantage of the fact that the villagers are not aware of their right to free medical care. [121] Sierra Leone is a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). Bo District Bombali District Bonthe District Kailahun District Kambia District Kenema District Koinadugu District Kono District Moyamba District According to Professor Fyle, there has been evidence of travellers calling the region Serra Lyoa long before 1462 (before the first arrival of Sintra to the region). Country on the southwest coast of West Africa, Independence (1961) and Margai Administration (19611964), After the death of Milton Margai and Albert Margai's tenure (19641967), 1967 General Election and military coups (19671968), One-party state and dawn of the 'Republic' (19681991), Sierra Leone Civil War (19912002) and the NPRC regime (19921996), Kabbah's tenure: government, "dawn of a new republic", the AFRC and end of the Civil War (19962007), 2007 General Election and the re-emergence of APC, Struggle with the Ebola epidemic (20142016), OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM (May 12, 2021). Other courts include the High Court of Justice, the Court of Appeal, the magistrate courts, and traditional courts in rural villages. In 1808, Sierra Leone became a British crown colony, ruled under a colonial governor. [159] There is also potential for several new hydroelectric plants to be opened on the Sewa River, Pampana River, Seli River, Moa River, and Little Scarcies. Its capital, Falaba, was on the rich trading routes leading to the coast. Bio would then return the country back to a democratic republic in 1996 through a general election. The arts in Sierra Leone are a mixture of tradition and hybrid African and western styles.[259][260][261]. Within days, Freetown was overwhelmed by the presence of the RUF combatants who came to the city in thousands. However, Stevens' hand-picked successor Joseph Saidu Momoh promised to return the country to a multi-party system; a new constitution was adopted in 1991 that provided the means for a multi-party democracy. The district has both highlands and lowlands. Brigadier General Bangura, who had reinstated Stevens as Prime Minister, was widely considered the only person who could control Stevens. The vast majority of Temne are Muslims at over 85%; with a significant Christian minority at about 10%. [21] Bio handed power over to Ahmad Tejan Kabbah of the SLPP, after the conclusion of elections in early 1996 which Kabbah won. Located in the Eastern Province is Koidu Town which is not only the largest city in that province but the capital of Kono District which rich in diamond. Current ratio of men and women in absolute and relative values in Bo District, Sierra Leone. Chiefdoms [ edit] Further information: Chiefdoms of Sierra Leone The chiefdoms of Sierra Leone. During the British annexation in Sierra Leone, several chiefs in the northern and southern parts of the country were resisting the "hut tax" imposed by the colonial administrators but they used diplomacy to achieve their goal. The third-largest ethnic group are the Limba at about 8.4% of the population. The national capital Freetown sits on a coastal peninsula, situated next to the Sierra Leone Harbour. [39] However, on the voyage between Plymouth, England and Sierra Leone, seventy European girlfriends and wives accompanied the Black Poor settlers. ", War and state collapse: The case of Sierra Leone, "NPRC's Komba Kambo Speaks After Eleven Years Of Silence! The candidate was Major General Joseph Saidu Momoh, head of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces and Stevens' own choice to succeed him. The Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary, which is located within the peninsula's vast rainforest reserve, just a few kilometres from the centre of Freetown, has a collection of rare and endangered chimpanzees. [234] During the Civil War (19912002), many soldiers took part in atrocities and many children were forced to fight. In 2007, a pay-per-view service was also introduced by GTV as part of a pan-African television service in addition to the nine-year-old sub-Saharan Digital satellite television service (DStv) originating from Multichoice Africa in South Africa. Steven was later freed and fled the country; went into exile in neighbouring Guinea. He, like Bai Bureh, resisted the British. . Sierra Leone is the first African country to join the International Floorball Federation. Sankoh was a British trained former army corporal who had also undergone guerrilla training in Libya. The country can be divided into four distinct physical regions: the coastal swamp, the Sierra Leone Peninsula, the interior plains, and the interior plateau and mountain region. Each district has both major and small cities and towns. The standard of print journalism tends to be low owing to lack of training, and people trust the information published in newspapers less than that found on the radio.[257]. Unpublished master's dissertation (London: Open University, 2013), pp. It is by far the most populous district in the country with a population of 1,050,301 and is located in the Western Area of the country. Upon arrival in Sierra Leone, each recaptive was given a registration number, and information on their physical qualities would be entered into the Register of Liberated Africans. There are four districts in the Northern Province: The Southern Province of Sierra Leone has the most coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. During his first decade or so in power, Stevens renegotiated some of what he called "useless prefinanced schemes" contracted by his predecessors, both Albert Margai of the SLPP and Juxon-Smith of the NRC. Clarkson initially banned the survivors of Granville Town from joining the new settlement, blaming them for the demise of Granville Town. In 1951, Lamina Sankoh (born: Etheldred Jones) collaborated with educated protectorate leaders from different groups, including Sir Milton Margai, Siaka Stevens, Mohamed Sanusi Mustapha, John Karefa-Smart, Kande Bureh, Sir Albert Margai, Amadu Wurie and Sir Banja Tejan-Sie joined together with the powerful paramount chiefs in the protectorate to form the Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP as the party of the Protectorate. The discussions eventually concluded with key stakeholders, including Bio's administration and the UN, agreeing that while efforts in finding a peaceful solution to ending the war should continue, a general election should be held as soon as possible. [107] Mining and slash and burn for land conversion such as cattle grazing dramatically diminished forested land in Sierra Leone since the 1980s. [114], Since independence in 1961, Sierra Leone's politics has been dominated by two major political parties: the SLPP and the APC. One of the first ethnic groups to become educated according to Western traditions, they have traditionally been appointed to positions in the civil service, beginning during the colonial years. There are several systems of transport in Sierra Leone, which has a road, air and water infrastructure, including a network of highways and several airports. On 19 April 1971, when Sierra Leone became a republic, the Royal Sierra Leone Military Forces were renamed the Republic of Sierra Leone Military Force (RSLMF). Area: 77.1 mile - 124.1 km radius. The Mende, who are believed to be descendants of the Mane,[citation needed] originally occupied the Liberian hinterland. In 1799 some of the settlers revolted. [217], Medical care is not readily accessible, with doctors and hospitals out of reach for many villagers. Now that the provinces have been divided, an exact measurement of the new provincial areas is unknown. The name Yalunka literally means "inhabitants of the Jallon (mountains)". The Eastern Province is divided into three districts: Located in the northern region of Sierra Leone is the countrys Northern Province. On the voyage between Plymouth and Sierra Leone, 96 passengers died. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90.2 (2012): 120-127F. In total, there are 20 cities in Sierra Leone. Overfishing is also an issue in Sierra Leone. Development of the city began in 1889 with the construction of the Sierra Leone Government Railway, which was operational until 1974. The population of all Sierra Leonean cities and urban localities with more than 7.000 inhabitants according to census results. In September 2017, a Sierra Leone-based Nigerian Pentecostal Christian pastor name Victor Ajisafe was arrested by the Sierra Leone Police and held in jail after he made controversial remarks against Islam and Sierra Leonean Muslims in particular at his church sermon in the capital Freetown. [92] Strasser was immediately flown into exile in a military helicopter to Conakry, Guinea. There are organised youth and adult football tournaments across the country, and there are various primary and secondary schools with football teams across Sierra Leone. They founded Birchtown, but faced harsh northern winters and racial discrimination from nearby Shelburne. [14][15], Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with a unicameral parliament and a directly elected president serving a five-year term with a maximum of two terms. Since the end of hostilities in January 2002, massive infusions of outside assistance have helped Sierra Leone begin to recover.[147]. On 5 July 1994 SAJ Musa, who was popular among the general population, particularly in Freetown, was arrested and sent into exile after he was accused of planning a coup to topple Strasser, an accusation SAJ Musa denied. [55]:34,223255, These Liberated Africans were from many areas of Africa, but principally the west coast. Because of their trading, the Fulas are found in nearly all parts of the country. Bambay Kamara was also a strong Momoh loyalist and supporter. The current system of the Government of Sierra Leone is based on the 1991 Sierra Leone Constitution. The centre of the country is a region of lowland plains, containing forests, bush and farmland,[102] that occupies about 43% of Sierra Leone's land area. Turay, a key loyalist of ousted president Momoh. Under the pressure of several coup attempts, real or perceived, Stevens' rule grew more and more authoritarian, and his relationship with some of his ardent supporters deteriorated. The RSLMF was renamed as the Armed Forces of the Republic of Sierra Leone (AFRSL). An alleged plot to overthrow president Stevens failed in 1974 and its leaders were executed. Sierra Leone has a population of more than 7 million people and has some major cities that subdivide the country. [71] The new constitution ensured Sierra Leone had a parliamentary system within the Commonwealth of Nations. It is the second largest city in Sierra Leone and the biggest city in the southern province serving as the administrative center and capital of Bo district. In politics the overwhelming majority of Sierra Leoneans vote for a candidate without regard of the candidate being a Muslim or a Christian. The Sierra Leone Broadcasting Service (SLBS) was created by the colonial government in 1934 making it the earliest English language radio broadcaster service in West Africa. The 1978 constitution made the APC the only legal political party in Sierra Leone. Most of the proposals came from leaders of the Protectorate, whose population far outnumbered that in the colony. In Freetown there no particular ethnic group that dominates the population since it is home to all of Sierra Leone's people. The situation in the country deteriorated to such an extent that British troops were deployed in Operation Palliser, originally simply to evacuate foreign nationals. [221] The founding members of the Coalition included the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society (the first chairing organisation), LFR International (proposed the formation), the University of Makeni, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, and the Holy Spirit Hospital. The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 16 districts, as of July 2017. This ended its 16years of running the Colony. The president is elected by popular vote to a maximum of two five-year terms. Population data comes from the most recent census conducted in the country in 2015. Port Loko, the capital city of this province, was named for the Loko people and was established by Portuguese merchants. The fund was created to raise local communities' stake in the legal diamond trade. Sierra Leone, [note 1] officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. More and more of the country fell into the hands RUF fighters, and by 1994 they had gotten control of much of the diamond-rich Eastern Province and were getting close toward the capital Freetown. [1][2] Previously, the country was divided into 14 districts. The area is a peninsula and contains Freetown, the capital city of the country. The service began broadcasting television in 1963, with coverage extended to all the districts in the country in 1978. Sierra Leone is home to Sub-Saharan Africa's first Western-style university: Fourah Bay College (established in 1827). Bo is located in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone, and the whole urban center is commonly known as Bo Town. Momoh broke from former President Siaka Stevens by integrating the powerful SSD into the Sierra Leone Police as a special paramilitary force. [54] Though some people happily embraced these changes because they considered it as being part of the community, some were not happy with these changes and wanted to keep their own identity. [20], During the few decades following independence, Sierra Leone witnessed an increase in political activities, transformations, turmoil, humanitarian and socio-economic crises. DuBois, Marc, and Caitlin Wake, with Scarlett Sturridge and Christina Bennett (2015). In other words, the population of Sierra Leone has grown almost three and half times it was in 1963 (2,180,355). Makeni is the administrative and economic center of the region. Sierra Leone is officially a secular state. A small community of Orthodox Christians resides in the capital Freetown.[207]. [177][178][179] Most the major Muslim and Christian holidays are officially national holidays in the country, and religious conflict is rare.[180]. Like the neighbouring Temne, the Loko are Muslim majority. [236] It is hoped that a new dam in Orugu, for which China committed financing in 2009, will alleviate water scarcity. : Sierra Leone News", "SIERRA LEONE NOW: Attempts To Launder Maada Bio's Battered Image Fail We Were Not Supreme Council Members Civilians In NPRC Deny Involvement In Atrocities", "Standard Times Press Sierra Leone's NPRC's Ruthlessness No Death Certificates For 29 Sierra Leoneans", "How Sierra Leone fell into the hands of young soldiers", "Campaigns | Sierra Leone: Imminent execution / death penalty / legal concern", "Sierra Leone: one place where Tony Blair remains an unquestioned hero", "Sierra Leone launches three-day, door-to-door Ebola prevention campaign", "Sierra Leone cancels all soccer matches over Ebola outbreak", "Auswrtiges Amt Sierra Leone: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise", "7 March 2018 Election in Sierra Leone by numbers", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "National Report on the Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD): Sierra Leone", "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD): An Options Assessment Report", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", Sierra Leone Legal System and Legal Research, "Sierra Leone declares former junta head president", "Sierra Leone National Election Commission Bulletin", "Russia and Sierra Leone diplomatic relations", "Welcome to the Mano River Union Website", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Relations", Armed forces (Sierra Leone) Jane's Sentinel Security Assessments, "Summary (Sierra Leone) Jane's World Air Forces", "In Sierra Leone, Army Chief of Defence Staff Commends Troops", "State Sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults", "71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal", "Chiefs: Economic Development and Elite Control of Civil Society in Sierra Leone", "ActionAid launches Perception survey as new local councils struggle to survive", "Sierra Leone Human Development Report 2007 Empowering Local Government for Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction The District Focus Approach to Development", "Final Results 2004 population and housing census", "Bombali profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Tonkolili profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kambia profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kenema profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kailahun profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Bo profile of geographical entity including name variants", Sierra Leone News: Africell Presents Second Consignment of Food to all Quarantined Homes, "Energy Africa Access Campaign Policy Compact Sierra Leone Final Report", "Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infections in Women and Children in Western Sierra Leone due to Smoke from Wood and Charcoal Stoves", "NATIONAL ENERGY PROFILE OF SIERRA LEONE [JUNE, 2012]", "Sierra Leone solar push aims to bring electricity to all by 2025", "The endgame of the Bumbuna hydroelectric plant project", "Sierra Leone signs MoU for $750 million hydro power boost", "Hydro brings light and hope to Sierra Leone", "Population, total - Sierra Leone | Data", "Sierra Leone: Krio and the Quest for National Integration", "Recounting the sacrifices that made Bangla the State Language", "Sierra Leone makes Bengali official language", "Sierra Leone Hailed for Religious Tolerance", "Preventing religious conflict in Sierra Leone: a careful balancing act", "Media Centre In Sierra Leone, partnerships with religious leaders help combat child mortality", "Interreligious Community Advocates for Peace in Sierra Leone with photos", "Ahmadiyya Movement Goes Mainstream in Sierra Leone", Sierra Leone: Bo Ahmadiya Muslim Secondary School Golden Jubilee, Former Principal and Secretary-General Honoured, "National President of the Supreme Islamic Council of Sierra Leone Congratulates H.E (Rtd) Juilius Maada Bio and his vice, Dr Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh", "*Sierra Leone Imams present new president to Hon. In the 1790s, the Settlers, including adult women, voted for the first time in elections. The first of the 6,000-member force began arriving in December, and the UN Security Council voted in February 2000 to increase the force to 11,000, and later to 13,000. [126][127] The RSLMF remained a single-service organisation until 1979, when the Sierra Leone Navy was established. At the end of the 19th century, the industry went into decline, and when radio was introduced in the 1930s, it became the primary communication media in the country. Rebel-Held areas and began to disarm rebel soldiers members of his own ethnic. Was sworn into office on 4 April 2018 by Chief Justice Abdulai Cham Momoh defused by several! Dubois, Marc, and Caitlin Wake, with Scarlett Sturridge and Christina Bennett 2015. To all of Sierra Leone, and traditional courts in rural villages [ ]... Their white equivalent in European countries Temne are Muslims at over 85 % with. 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