The larger the amount of data is, the lower the density of valuable information will be. } Hazard-Base Safety Engineering Standard IEC 62368-1 task 4 4.1 investigate (a) safe operation of smart power system (b) operation of standalone and grid connected renewable energy systems 4.2 discuss the features of smart grid network 4.3 determine the importance of power electronics in smart grid and energy storage and analyse how power electronic converters are used in smart grid networks 4.4 A 2008 survey by the Computer Security Institute and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation of data compiled from 522 computer security practitioners and senior executives of U.S. corporations, government agencies, financial and medical institutions, and universities reported that within a 12-month period, 59% of the respondents experienced an attack from a virus, 29% reported unauthorized use of computer services, and 44% reported insider abuse. . In the New York City blackout of 1977, for example, damage from looting and arson alone totaled about US$155 millionroughly half of its total cost. } Smart Power Systems began making hydraulic generators for the fire industry in 1995. Information security frameworks for electric power utilities have also been developed by the International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE). Energy Security, June 2009. 'page_path': arguments[2], NIST, Guidelines for smart grid cyber security, The Smart Grid Interoperability PanelCyber Security Working Group, NISTIR 7628, Gaithersburg, MD, Aug. 2010. Current practice is to apply an upgrade or patch only after SCADA vendors thoroughly test and validate it, and this sometimes causes deployment to be delayed by several months. Communications The Internet, computer networks, and our digital economy have all increased the demand for reliable and disturbance-free electricity; banking and finance depend on the robustness of electric power, cable, and wireless telecommunications infrastructure. This challenge is further complicated by the fact that the North American electric power grid may be considered as the largest and most complex machine in the world: its transmission lines connect all the electric generation and distribution on the continent. return null; Military & Defense. covers a wide range of topics from fundamentals, and modelling and simulation aspects of traditional and smart power systems to grid integration of renewables; Micro Grids; challenges in planning and operation of a smart power system; risks, security, and stability in smart operation of a power system; and applied research in energy storage. Originally Answered: what is power system security ? However, if islanding prevention fails, energized lines within the island present a shock hazard to unsuspecting utility line workers who think the lines are dead.[6]. Without a doubt, the expectation from the power generation and transmission industry is realization of efficiencies. The size and capacity of these battery storage systems would historically have been found in commercial or industrial installations where only service personnel would have access. The trend of connecting electrical control systems to the Internet exposes all layers of a system to possible attack. This paper proposes a power-system protection device designed to be integrated in smart environments based on Internet-of-Things technologies. 2023 TSG Security. Some of these components are vulnerable to saboteurs with explosives or just high-powered rifles. The report also documented the potential costs of widespread outages, estimating them to be in the range of US$1 to US$5 per kWh of disrupted service, depending on the length of the outage, the types of customers affected, and a variety of other factors. AMI enables consumer-friendly efficiency concepts like Prices to Devices. With this, assuming that energy is priced on what it costs in near real-time, price signals are relayed to smart home controllers or end-consumer devices like thermostats, washer/dryers, or refrigerators, typically the major consumers of electricity in the home. All rights reserved. In some cases, new insight may have to be given to safety that was not necessary in the past. This is not new: both the importance and the difficulty of protecting power systems have long been recognized. Due to the increasingly sophisticated nature and speed of malicious code, intrusions, and DoS attacks, human responses may be inadequate.Figure 4 shows the evolution of cyberthreats over the last two decades and the types of responses that can be used to combat them effectively. } The award winning IEEE Power & Energy Magazine is a bimonthly publication of the IEEE Power & Energy Society. The diversity and lack of interoperability among the various communication protocols cause problems for anyone who tries to establish secure communication to and from a substation. /* */ Much work remains to be done, however, to create standards that, when implemented, will adequately protect the grid from cyberattacks. Identity theft threat. if (!parameters) { }; These Powered Equipment related Standard/Safe Operating Procedures have clear step-by-step instructions for carrying out work activities and are ideal for businesses looking to improve their safety systems. } According to IEC 62368-1, Annex I (also IEC 60950-1, Annex Z), electricity meters and communications ITE for remote electricity metering are considered to be examples of Overvoltage Category IV equipment, or equipment that will be connected to the point where the mains supply enters the building. Regarding recent cyberthreat reports, it is fundamental to separate the hype from the truth. upcoming events and courses, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) & Building Information Modeling (BIM), Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL), Global Environmental Leadership and Sustainability, System Administration, Networking and Security, Burke Lectureship on Religion and Society, California Workforce and Degree Completion Needs, UC Professional Development Institute (UCPDI), Workforce Innovation Opportunity Act (WIOA), Introduction to Cybersecurity in the Smart Energy Environment, Introduction to Distributed Energy Resources in the Electric Grid, Electronics and Telecommunications Review: Math, Circuits and Signals, Microgrid Design, Economic Optimization and Simulation, Overview of traditional of distribution systems, Challenges of integrating of distributed energy resources into the distribution systems, Advanced protection systems, feeder automation and reconfiguration, Fault location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLSIR), Grasp the structure of the evolving distribution systems, Learn the nature of distribution loads and their characterization, Master the depth of distribution reliability and relevance of reliability indices, Assimilate the impact of distribution feeder voltage regulation, Understand the value of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) in todays dx system, Comprehend the impacts of selected distribution automation applications, Identify the challenges with Distributed Energy Resources on dx systems, Learn the salient points of smart meters, Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and applications, Distribution Management Systems (DMS), and Outage Management System (OMS). overall systems science and dynamics (including infrastructure, ecology and environment, markets, and data-driven policy designs). Authored by Robert Cordeiro, Technical Director at TSG Security. Since it is imperative that the industry maintain 100% uptime, both the physical security of the AMI system hardware and multiple standard IT security features like encryption and authentication must be provided for. In order to defend electric infrastructure against the impacts of cyber and physical attacks, significant challenges must therefore be overcome before extensive deployment and implementation of smart grid technologies can begin. Americans should not accept or learn to cope with increasing blackouts, nor should we rest on the notion that the technical know-how, political will, or money to bring our power grid up to 21st century standards do not exist. return null; Furthermore, since it will be impossible to protect against all threats, smart meters must be able to detect even the most subtle unauthorized changes and precursors to tampering or intrusion. The secure and efficient power system operation relays on the data assessment and state estimation. window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; This translates into a need for much greater creepage and clearance isolation distances, as well as much higher electric-strength withstand voltages. Initial systems were open-framed basic systems ranging from 5.5kW to 10kW. Easy operation. History of Evolution width: 1em !important; Time-centered HRA (TCHRA) Increased integration of large-scale renewable energy systems . As a result, several key privacy concerns need to be addressed, including those outlined by the Cyber Security Working Group of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Plugs into a standard wall socket. IEEE, vol. For the operating temperature, the temperature at which an uncontrolled exotherm will occur under plant conditions is first defined. Secure and reliable operation of the electric system is fundamental to national and international economic systems, security, and quality of life. 'eventLabel': 'event_label', Because Power System Operation, by Robert Miller and James Malinowski, presents more of the fundamental principles and methods dispatchers and operators need in a clear, easy-to-understand style. The size and complexity of the North American electric power grid makes it impossible both financially and logistically to physically protect the entire infrastructure. Safety of smart Grid Data Security: . Become a member today and get the IEEE Magazine delivered to you as well as access to the online version. var arg, hit = {}; Thus, staff members must be well trained to respond to a wide variety of emergencies since no amount of technology can replace well-trained personnel. In addition, adversaries often have the potential to initiate attacks from nearly any location in the world. This variable rate will incentivize consumers to shift their heavy use of electricity to times of the day when demand is low. The results of a 2007 McAfee survey highlight the pervasiveness of such attacks. [5], SAFETY OF UTILITY-OWNED SMART-GRID EQUIPMENT, As is the case today, we would expect safety of utility-owned smart-grid equipment located within the power generation or transmission circuits, up to and including the service conductors to the customers buildings to continue to be evaluated for safety in accordance with basic utility-safety standards or Codes. Sign up to hear about
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