western front ww2 casualties

10 May 1945, Last edited on 21 December 2022, at 04:17, List of Commando raids on the Atlantic Wall, Western Front command tenures (World War II), Learn how and when to remove this template message, George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 193930 June 1945. [40], General Eisenhower's Armies were facing resistance that varied from almost non-existent to fanatical[41] as they advanced toward Berlin, which was located 200km (120mi) from their positions in early April 1945. However, much was learned as a result of the operation these lessons would be put to good use in the subsequent invasion. (1950) The West German government made a preliminary estimate of 3.0million civilian deaths in the expulsions. During the push east, the cities of Frankfurt am Main, Kassel, Magdeburg, Halle and Leipzig were strongly defended by ad hoc German garrisons made up of regular troops, Flak units, Volkssturm and armed Nazi Party auxiliaries. Routledge. Studies on the Population of China, 13681953. The exact number of dead and injured will never be known because of the confusion after the explosions. Military dead were estimated with Soviet forces at 10,000 and 15,000 with German. in Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union Before 1991. A raid on Sark on the night of 3/4 October 1942 is notable because a few days after the incursion the Germans issued a propaganda communiqu implying at least one prisoner had escaped and two were shot while resisting having their hands tied. Total Romanian military war dead were approximately 300,000. The Japanese interned 105,530 Dutch civilians in the East Indies, of whom 13,567 died. pp. An estimated total of 7085 million people perished, or about 3% of the 2.3 billion (est.) Gurkha casualties can be broken down as: 8,985 killed or missing and 23,655 wounded. Ostarbeiters and POW in Third Reich and Their Repatriation) (Russian). Since casualty statistics are sometimes disputed the footnotes to this article present the different estimates by official governmental sources as well as historians. A. "Gunfire" includes tanks of course, but also includes AT Guns, StuGs, other SPGs, and artillery pieces. Under the onslaught in both the north and south of France, the German Army fell back. Martin Gilbert estimates 5.7million (78%) of the 7.3million Jews in German-occupied Europe were Holocaust victims. Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. Ursprnge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts "Bevlkerung" vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" Zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevlkerungswissenschaft: Hans Sperling, Die Luftkriegsverluste whrend des zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland, Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. Operations ceased at 2301 hours Central European time (CET) on 8 May. Andreev EM; Darsky LE; Kharkova TL, Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes. Solomon Islands: 63,200, 25,000, (88,200) : -Human Losses of the USSR in the Period of WWII: Collection of Articles. [34] By the time they prepared to cross the Rhine in late March, the Western Allies had taken 1,300,000 German soldiers prisoner in western Europe. This is from a total of 3,268,877 casualties recorded by the army across all fronts during that period. Civilian losses included 160,000 Jewish Holocaust dead, As Ruanda [Rwanda] was not occupied nor its food supply cut off, these deaths are not usually included with World War II casualties. 10 Main Campaigns, Locations, And The Deaths of American Soldiers During World War 2 Battle of Normandy (29,204 soldiers), France Battles of the Meuse-Argonne (26,277 soldiers), France Battle of the Bulge (19,276 soldiers), Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany Central Europe Campaign (15,009) Battle of Okinawa (14,000 soldiers), Japan Allies United StatesUnited Kingdom The US 6th Army Group fanned out to the southwest, passing to the east of Switzerland through Bavaria and into Austria and northern Italy.[when?] The distinction between military and civilian casualties caused directly by warfare and collateral damage is not always clear-cut. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. The following notes summarize German expulsion casualties, the details are presented in the flight and expulsion of Germans (19441950), the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union' and the Demographic estimates of the flight and expulsion of Germans. China after Pearl Harbor 202,958 killed and 88,920 wounded. 2004/1, p. 4 (2,000,000), Gesamterhebung zur Klrung des Schicksals der deutschen Bevlkerung in den Vertreibungsgebieten, Mnchen: Zentralstelle des Kirchl. The death toll attributable to the flight and expulsions was estimated at 2.2million by the West German government in 1958. In 2018, the United States Holocaust museum has the number of murdered during the time period of the holocaust at 17million 6million Jews and 11million others. The liberation of Northern France and the Benelux countries was of special significance for the inhabitants of London and the southeast of England because it denied the Germans launch sites for their mobile V-1 and V-2 Vergeltungswaffen (reprisal weapons). [602] Jewish victims in Yugoslavia totaled 67,122. The crossing of the Rhine was achieved at four points: Once the Allies had crossed the Rhine, the British fanned out northeast towards Hamburg crossing the river Elbe and on towards Denmark and the Baltic. No sure count of even the prepaid populations existed. 1939 WWII Era France Soldiers in Observation Post . There were 3,000 civilian deaths in Allied air raids including 1,400 in the bombing of Sofia. Von Rundstedt's divisions, which had remained on the west bank, were cut to pieces in the ''battle of the Rhineland' 280,000 men were taken prisoner. (1974) The Maschke Commission found that about 1.2million German military personnel reported as missing more than likely died as POWs, including 1.1million in the USSR. Approximately 150,000 Germans were able to escape from the Falaise pocket, but they left behind most of their irreplaceable equipment and 50,000 Germans were killed or taken prisoner. Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 20132014, page 44. [244] The Soviet-era archive figures on the Gulag labor camps has been the subject of a vigorous academic debate outside Russia since their publication in 1991. Thailand: 6,900, 100, (7,000) 3-Included in these statistics are 322,807 POWs held by the US and UK. Routledge. General Franz Bhme announced the unconditional surrender of German troops in Norway. Although Japan was heavily involved in World War II, it is estimated that only 2.5-3.1 million Japanese were killed in the war, representing only 3.5% of its pre-war population. This instance of tying prisoner's hands contributed to Hitler's decision to issue his Commando Order instructing that all captured Commandos or Commando-type personnel were to be executed as a matter of procedure. [447] Polska 19391945. POW deaths 4,000. Keitel is defiant at Berlin ritual. Austrian civilian casualties were 99,700 victims of Nazi persecution and 24,000 killed in Allied air raids. Philippines military losses were 57,000 including 7,000 KIA in 194142 campaign, 8,000 guerrillas KIA 194245 and 42,000 POWs(out of 98,000). 19401959 [The Population of Russia in the 20thcentury: volume2], May Rocznik Statystyczny Polski 19391941, Since the Czech Republic as political entity exists only since 1969/1993, this political name stands for Czech part (. Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940 1945: 8 Bde. 3568. by Konrad Adenauer. 105657, Table 607. The database includes all servicemen and women who died during being listed in the Finnish army, navy or the air force. The military's complicity extended not only to the generals and upper leadership but also to the rank and file. Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste. 95% of POWs taken by the Germans on the Western front survived. The Germans launched a second, smaller offensive (Nordwind) into Alsace on 1 January 1945. The next few months in the war were marked by the Phoney War. 4, Prague p. 57, Urlanis, Boris (1971). : (Human Losses of the USSR during the Second World War: a collection of articles). The Auckland War Museum puts the number of World War II dead at 11,671. The official Russian figure for total POW held by the Germans is 4,059,000; the number of Soviet, Conscripted reservists is an estimate of men called up, primarily in 1941, who were killed in battle or died as. Both the Allies and Japanese also conscripted civilians to work as laborers and porters. For nations that suffered huge losses such as the Soviet Union, China, Poland, Germany, and Yugoslavia, sources can give only the total estimated population loss caused by the war and a rough estimate of the breakdown of deaths caused by military activity, crimes against humanity and war-related famine. I believe that it was just as bad for Russians taken prisoners by the Germans on the Eastern front. F. Allied bombing of German supply lines caused civilian casualties. By the time the water had subsided and the US Ninth Army was able to cross the Roer on 23 February, other Allied forces were also close to the Rhine's west bank. Mark Axworthy. Of the country's total casualties, about 2.1 million were military personnel while 500,000-800,000 were civilians. [477]. They encircled around 200,000 Germans in the Falaise Pocket. Missing and presumed dead(including POWs) were 131,419 (111,579 pre-armistice, 19,840 post armistice)[446] Germany: 157,621 casualties (27,074 dead (The final count of the German dead is possibly as high as 49,000 men when including the losses suffered by the Kriegsmarine, because of additional non-combat causes, the wounded who died of their injuries, and the missing who were confirmed as dead. Between 5,000 and 10,000 Filipinos serving with the Filipino troops, Scouts, Constabulary and Philippine Army units lost their lives on the, In 2009, Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota of the Polish, In his 2009 book, Andrzej Leon Sowa of the, The official Polish government report on war damages prepared in 1947 listed 6,028,000 war victims during the German occupation (including 123,178 military deaths, 2.8million Poles and 3.2million Jews), out of a population of 27,007,000 ethnic, In August 2009, Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota of the Polish. Studies in Global Social History, 2010), p. 227. Vertreibungsgebieten stlich von Oder und Neie. The non-belligerent United States contributed to the Western Allies by discounted sales of military equipment and supplies. Philippines: 377,500, 121,100, (498,600) [179] Estimates of Holocaust deaths range between 4.9 and 5.9million Jews.[180]. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. Soon after, the Allies were racing across France. German government figures of war losses do not include the increase in natural deaths with war casualties. In: Wolfgang Benz (Hg. The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. Krasnoiarskii gos. The crossing of the Moselle River and the capture of the fortress of Metz proved difficult for the American troops in the face of German reinforcements, supply shortages, and unfavorable weather. [256] In 2005 Tadeusz Piotrowski estimated the death toll in Soviet hands at 350,000. Under Japanese internment, 992 died and another 544 were listed as "unknown"; under German internment, 168 died and a further 715 were listed as "unknown". During September and October, the Allied 6th Army Group (U.S. Borneo: 11,300, 6,700, (18,000) Belgian government sources reported 12,000 military war dead which included (8,800 killed, 500. Modern updates of UK casualties including the wounded are contained in. The Red Ball Express, the Allied trucking effort, was simply unable to transport enough supplies from the port facilities in Normandy all the way to the front line, which by September, was close to the German border. Equipment losses were 753 tanks and 1,284 aircraft. About 298,000 Americans died. Mentally and Physically Handicapped: Victims of the Nazi Era", Bundesarchiv: Euthanasie-Verbrechen 19391945, "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. & Jap. In addition, 247,000 Austrians lost their lives serving in the army of the Third Reich or were reported missing, and 24,000 civilians were killed during bombing" raids. Universe, Inc. (July 13, 2005). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The official U.S. report listed 1 U.S. civilian killed during the, Six U.S. civilians were killed in Oregon in May 1945 by Japanese. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961, p. 32, Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p. 78, available online at. The deception plans, Operation Fortitude and Operation Bodyguard, had the Germans convinced that the invasion would occur in the Pas-de-Calais, while the real target was Normandy. [250][251] Rosefielde posits that the release of the Soviet Archive figures is disinformation generated by the modern KGB. The Australian government does not regard. & Jap. [599] The Jasenovac Memorial Site quotes a similar figure of between 80,000 and 100,000 victims. Civilian deaths totaled 50-55 million. These figures are for Germany in 1937 borders, (1961) The West German government issued a statement listing a total of 7,032,800 war dead: (military dead 3,760,000 in prewar 1937 borders, (1984) A German demographic study estimated 6,900,000 deaths caused by the war in prewar 1937 borders, (1991) A German demographic study estimated 5,450,000 to 5,600,000 war dead (4,300,000 military dead; 430,000 civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign and 882,000 deaths due to expulsions from Poland). Original emissaries had no authority to surrender to any of the Allies. Ingo Haar, "Hochgerechnetes Unglck, Die Zahl der deutschen Opfer nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wird bertrieben", Sddeutsche Zeitung, November 14, 2006. Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961 pp. e The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers against the Soviet Union (USSR), Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe ( Baltics ), and Southeast Europe ( Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945. (2005) The German government issued a report listing total war dead of 7,375,800 (3,100,000 soldiers killed; 1,200,000 soldiers missing; 500,000 civilians killed in bombing raids; 2,251,500 civilian victims of expulsions and deportations; 24,300 Austrian civilians killed and 300,000 victims of Nazi racial, religious or political persecution. Latze Member Posts: 377 Joined: 08 May 2010, 17:55 Re: German Casualties - Eastern Front vs. Western Front by Latze 14 Sep 2015, 23:06 It also includes foreign volunteers who died during their service in Finland and Finnish SS-men who died while serving in the German army. French casualties amounted to 120,000 killed or missing, 250,000 wounded, and 1,450,000 taken prisoner. p. 30 (figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), R. J. Rumell, Statistics of democide Table 3.1. [601] Serbian sources currently claim that 700,000 persons were murdered at Jasenovac. [147] According to Yad Vashem, "During their four years in power, the Ustasa carried out a Serb genocide, exterminating over 500,000, expelling 250,000 and forcing another 200,000 to convert to Catholicism. Recent studies published in Russia put the actual corrected population in 1940 at 192.598million. Confirmed losses of civilian sailors due to German attacks and mines. Fighting on the Western Front was preceded by the Phony War. "Bataan, Corregidor, and the Death March: In Retrospect", "go to note on Polish Casualties by Tadeusz Piotrowski at the bottom of the page", "Victims of the Nazi Regime-Database of Polish citizens repressed under the German Occupation", Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2013-2014, "Michael Ellman and S. Maksudov, Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War:a note-World War II- Europe Asia Studies, July 1994", "Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes", "Nazi persecution of Soviet Prisoners of War", "The extent of human losses USSR in the Great Patriotic War and Statistical Lynbrinth (in Russian)", "Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2014-2015, p. 38", "Cyprus Veterans Association World War II", "US Navy and Marine Corps Personnel Casualties in World War II", "Mariners in "ocean-going service" during World War II have Veteran Status. "[597] According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum "The Croat authorities murdered between 320,000 and 340,000 ethnic Serb residents of Croatia and Bosnia during the period of Ustaa rule; more than 30,000 Croatian Jews were killed either in Croatia or at Auschwitz-Birkenau". Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961 pp. At the Maginot Line on the other side of the border, French troops stood facing them, whilst the British Expeditionary Force and other elements of the French Army created a defensive line along the Belgian border. When scholarly sources differ on the number of deaths in a country, a range of war losses is given, in order to inform readers that the death toll is disputed. German Army GroupG surrendered to US forces at Haar, in Bavaria, on 5 May. U.S. Dutch Merchant Marine. Army GroupG, considering the possibility of an invasion on the Atlantic coast, had dispersed its mobile reserves, locating the 11th Panzer Division in Gironde, the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich refitting around the southern French town of Montauban, and the 9th Panzer Division stationed in the Rhone delta area. Baranowski, Shelley (2010). pedagog. Bonn 1989 P.53 (38,000 during wartime flight; 5,000 in USSR as forced labor and 160,000 in internment camps), The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, pp. Total missing and POW were 341,765 (283,322 with Axis and 58,443 with Allies), only about 80,000 survived Soviet captivity. An estimated 40,000,000 to 50,000,000 people died during World War II. Wars and Population. Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. Russian historian. The port of Antwerp was liberated on 4 September by the British 11th Armoured Division. Of 7,080 BEF casualties, 5,533 losses were incurred by the 5th Australian Division; German losses were 1,600-2,000, with 150 taken prisoner. Retrieved 4 March 2016. Historians often put forward many different estimates of the numbers killed and wounded during World War II. The figures for the pre-war Jewish population and deaths in the table below are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. Murray, Williamson and Millett, Alan R. (2000). Saint-Petersburg, 1995; (Russian Academy of Sciences). other and unknown 6,844 (3,695 post armistice). 1823, Mikhalev, S. N (2000). Civilian deaths were caused by Allied bombing and shellfire and Japanese atrocities. vs. U.K. and Netherlands 208,026 killed and 139,225 wounded. 1- The summary report of September 30, 1945 put total casualties for the entire period of the war at 305,000 killed and 780,000 wounded. Radiation Effects Research Foundation How many people died as a result of the atomic bombings? While the majority of the German army was mustered for the invasion of the Soviet Union, construction began on the Atlantic Wall a series of defensive fortifications along the French coast of the English Channel. The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, Italy [citation needed], and Germany. In January 1945 the German bridgehead over the river Roer between Heinsberg and Roermond was cleared during Operation Blackcock. The bulk of the Allied armies were occupied in the Mediterranean, seeking to clear the sea lanes to the Indian Ocean and capture the Foggia Airfield Complex. [254] Michael Haynes and Rumy Husun accept the figures from the Soviet archives as being an accurate tally of Stalin's victims, they maintain that the demographic data depicts an underdeveloped Soviet economy and the losses in World War Two rather than indicating a higher death toll in the Gulag labor camps. Confirmed dead were 159,957 (92,767 pre-armistice, 67,090 post armistice)[445] people on Earth in 1940. These figures are for Germany in 1937 borders, (1956) The West German Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office)estimated total war dead of 5,650,000 = (3,760,000) military; (430,000) civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign; (1,260,000) deaths to expulsion from Poland and (200,000) victims of Nazi racial, religious or political persecution. The footnotes give a detailed breakdown of the casualties and their sources, including data on the number of wounded where reliable sources are available. Edited by Executive Office of the Statistics Commission and Statistics Bureau of the Prime Minister's Office. German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. If the British refused to agree to a peace treaty, one option was to invade. Moluccas: 2,600, 1,800, (4,400) The official figures for military war dead and missing in 194145 are 8,668,400 comprising 6,329,600 combat related deaths, 555,500 non-combat deaths. Andreev, E.M.; Darski, L.E. Because of the decline in activity in the two port cities, the constant threat of incendiary raids, and the formal evacuation programs of the Government, an unknown number of the inhabitants had either drifter away from the cities or been removed according to plan. Mai 1974. The Japanese Central Liaison Office reported in July 1947 to the Allied occupation authorities that Japanese military dead in 19351945 were 1,687,738 (1,340,700 Army and 347,038 Navy. Moscow 1971, p. 294, Poyer, Lin; Falgout, Suzanne; Carucci, Laurence Marshall. Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie (Human Losses in the Great Patriotic War 19411945 A Statistical Investigation). On 16 November the Allies started a large scale autumn offensive called Operation Queen. Some auxiliary and civilian organizations are also accorded war grave status if death occurred under certain specified conditions. German casualties based on statistics collected during the war included 27,074 KIA, 18,384 MIA and 111,034 WIA. While most of the German Army was fighting against Poland, a much smaller German force manned the Siegfried Line, their fortified defensive line along the French border. Military casualties include deaths of regular military forces from combat as well as non-combat causes. There were additional casualties in 193940, which totaled 136,945: There were 4,500 military deaths with the all Spanish. 33 Swedish sailors were killed when submarine HMS Ulven was sunk by a German mine on April 16, 1943. With an introd. Using this definition, the total number of. Holocaust Encyclopedia "How many Catholics were killed during the Holocaust? Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, p. 78. Curiously, until the autumn of 1916 German casualties on the Eastern Front in proportion to the number of men were not smaller than in the West despite Russian weakness in artillery and ammunition. Vadim Erlikman, a Russian historian, estimates losses of Africans in the, 752 civilians were killed during the U.S. air attacks on. According to Sergei Maksudov, a Russian demographer living in the west, the population of the territories annexed by the USSR was 23million less the net population transfers out of 3million persons who emigrated from the USSR including 2,136,000 Poles who left the USSR; 115,000 Polish soldiers of the, Polish sources put the number of refugees from the. Hitler survived to wreak a terrible vengeance on at least 2,000 army officers (including Rommel) and launch a desperate counter-attack on the Western Front in December 1944, now known as the 'Battle of the Bulge'. ", "Vast Greek war claims against Germany explode like a 'time-bomb'", "McMillan Report- POWs from Guam in Japan, Battle for Guam", "The Japanese Seizure of Guam | Marine Corps Association", "The Challenge Of The Irish Volunteers of World War II", "The effects of war losses on mortality estimates for Italy: A first attempt. Sumatra: 2,700, 500, (3,200) 7879, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. The annual death rate in 19421945 of Americans interned by Japan was about 3.5%. A large number of partisans and members of the RSI forces were former members of the armed forces of the Kingdom of Italy, to which is referred the 3,430,000 figure. However, in the meantime, the Allies took the war to Germany, with a strategic bombing campaign the US Eighth Air Force bombing Germany by day and RAF Bomber Command bombing by night. Civilians in Navy service 114,493 killed and 1,880 wounded and missing. Total: 1,647,200, 473,800, (2,121,000), Overall, perhaps two thirds of all Japanese military dead came not from combat, but from starvation and disease. [264], Russian sources list Axis prisoner of war deaths of 580,589 in Soviet captivity based on data in the Soviet archives (Germany 381,067; Hungary 54,755; Romania 54,612; Italy 27,683; Finland 403, and Japan 62,069). [38] British and Canadian paratroopers reached the Baltic city of Wismar just ahead of Soviet forces on 2 May. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum[236]. For almost two years, there was no land-fighting on the Western Front with the exception of commando raids and the guerrilla actions of the resistance aided by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Russian demographer Boris Urlanis estimated Czechoslovak war dead of 340,000 persons, 46,000 military and 294,000 civilians. Persons unaccounted for might have been burned beyond recognition in the falling buildings, disposed of in one of the mass cremations of the first week of recovery, or driven out of the city to die or recover without any record remaining. Detailed by country: Werner Gruhl estimates the civilian deaths at 20,365,000. Military deaths included: 108 dead in the. 10 824 236/1567 = ~6908/day or 8 573 054/1567 = ~5471/day WW2 total miltary deaths: between 21 000 000 and 25 500 000. Civilian losses were due to the sinking of the. While the U.S. Ninth and First Armies held their ground from Magdeburg through Leipzig to western Czechoslovakia, Eisenhower ordered three Allied field armies (1st French, and the U.S. [260] In August 1941, 243,106 Poles living in the Special Settlements were amnestied and released by the Soviets. Netherlands figure listed in the table of 112,000 Jews taken from, Donald L. Niewyk, professor of history at Southern Methodist University, maintains that the Holocaust can be defined in four ways: first, that it was the genocide of the Jews alone; second, that there were several parallel Holocausts, one for each of the several groups; third, the Holocaust would include Roma and the handicapped along with the Jews; fourth, it would include all racially motivated German crimes, such as the murder of Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, as well as political prisoners, religious dissenters, and homosexuals.
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