[141] Upon reaching Savannah, Sherman appointed Private A. O. Granger as his personal secretary. In 1859, he became superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy (now Louisiana State University), a position from which he resigned when Louisiana seceded from the Union. William Tecumseh Sherman described the San Francisco banking panic in his memoirs. [152] Thereafter, his troops did relatively little damage to the civilian infrastructure. 142, 38Th Congress, 2D Session by Gen William Tecumseh Sherman, George Henry Thomas, John Pope, 9780342519576, available at LibroWorld.com. Besides, where are your men and appliances of war to contend against them? On April 9, Sherman relayed to his troops the news that Lee had surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House and that the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia had ceased to exist. In studies I always held a respectable reputation with the professors, and generally ranked among the best, especially in drawing, chemistry, mathematics, and natural philosophy. [209] Consuming supplies, wrecking infrastructure, and undermining morale were Sherman's stated goals, and several of his Southern contemporaries noted this and commented on it. [63], In January 1861, as more Southern states seceded from the Union, Sherman was required to take receipt of arms surrendered to the Louisiana State Militia by the U.S. arsenal at Baton Rouge. [103] Grant, who was on poor terms with McClernand, regarded this as a politically motivated distraction from the efforts to take Vicksburg, but Sherman had targeted Arkansas Post independently and considered the operation worthwhile. One 19th-century source, for example, states that "General Sherman, we believe, is the only eminent American named from an Indian chief". [146], While in Savannah, Sherman learned from a newspaper that his infant son Charles Celestine had died during the Savannah campaign; the general had never seen the child. [185], Towards the end of the Civil War, some elements within the Republican Party regarded Sherman as being strongly prejudiced against black people. In maneuver warfare, a commander seeks to defeat the enemy on the battleground through shock, disruption, and surprise, while minimizing frontal attacks on well-defended positions. Sherman at first trivialized the corresponding threat, reportedly saying that he would "give [Hood] his rations" to go in that direction, as "my business is down south". [155], In late March, Sherman briefly left his forces and traveled to City Point, Virginia, to confer with Grant. Sherman was one of the few Union officers to distinguish himself in the field and historian Donald L. Miller has characterized Sherman's performance at Bull Run as "exemplary". [178] On January 12, Sherman and Stanton met in Savannah with twenty local black leaders, most of them Baptist or Methodist ministers, invited by Sherman. Sherman, however, succeeded in keeping his own bank solvent. Father and son, however, were reconciled when Thomas returned to the United States in August 1880, after having travelled to England for his religious instruction. [188][191], Sherman's military legacy rests primarily on his command of logistics and on his brilliance as a strategist. "[78], The outcome at Bull Run caused Sherman to question his own judgment as an officer and the capabilities of his volunteer troops. They were the parents of at least 1 son and 3 daughters. One of his younger brothers, John Sherman, was one of the founders of the Republican Party and served as a U.S. congressman, senator, and cabinet secretary. Liddell Hart. [21] His friends and family called him "Cump".[22]. North Carolina, unlike its southern neighbor, was regarded by the Union troops as a reluctant Confederate state,[153] having been second from last to secede from the Union, ahead only of Tennessee. American historian Wesley Moody has argued that these commentators tended to filter Sherman's actions and his hard-war strategy through their own ideas about modern warfare, thereby contributing to the exaggeration of his "atrocities" and unintentionally feeding into the negative assessment of Sherman's moral character associated with the "Lost Cause" school of Southern historiography. During this time he was a member of the Indian Peace Commission. At the White House, Sherman met with Abraham Lincoln a few days after his inauguration as president of the United States. As with all family trees on this website, the sources for each ancestor are listed on the family group pages so that you can personally judge the reliability of the information. Research genealogy for William Tecumseh Sherman Merchant of North Bend, Coos, Oregon, as well as other members of the Merchant family, on Ancestry. [247][i] Grant, who was president when Sherman's memoirs appeared, later remarked that others had told him that Sherman treated Grant unfairly but "when I finished the book, I found I approved every word; that it was a true book, an honorable book, creditable to Sherman, just to his companionsto myself particularly sojust such a book as I expected Sherman would write."[250]. [228], When the Medicine Lodge Treaty failed in 1868, Sherman authorized his subordinate in Missouri, Major General Philip Sheridan, to lead the winter campaign of 186869, of which the Battle of Washita River was part. [150], Sherman captured Columbia, the state capital, on February 17, 1865. We live through his campaigns in the company of Sherman himself. The publication of Sherman's memoirs sparked controversy and drew complaints from many quarters. You people speak so lightly of war; you don't know what you're talking about. He never commanded in a major Union victory and his military career had repeated ups and downs, but William Tecumseh Sherman is the second best known of Northern commanders. He stood by me when I was crazy, and I stood by him when he was drunk; and now, sir, we stand by each other always. The only general engagement during Sherman's marches through Georgia and the Carolinas, the Battle of Bentonville, took place on March 1921, 1865. [156][157] Also present at the City Point conference was Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter. Johnston, ignoring instructions from President Davis, accepted those terms on April 26, 1865, formally surrendered his army and all the Confederate forces in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida. Another younger brother, Hoyt Sherman, was a successful banker. Sherman offered Grant an example from his own life: "Before the battle of Shiloh, I was cast down by a mere newspaper assertion of 'crazy', but that single battle gave me new life, and I'm now in high feather." You are bound to fail. [130][d], Sherman's Atlanta campaign concluded successfully on September 2, 1864, with the capture of the city, which Hood had been forced to abandon. When William Tecumseh Sherman was born on 12 December 1828, in Columbia, New York, United States, his father, Roger Stevens Sherman, was 32 and his mother, Orilla Moses, was 34. Fires began that night and by next morning most of the central city was destroyed. Sherman conducted the ensuing Jackson Expedition, which concluded successfully on July 25 with the re-capture of the city of Jackson. William H. Warner in surveying the new city of Sacramento, laying its street grid in 1848. The family tree for General William Tecumseh Sherman should not be considered exhaustive or authoritative. Eleanor Mary Sherman (1859-1915) 2. Sherman's March to the Sea (also known as the Savannah campaign or simply Sherman's March) was a military campaign of the American Civil War conducted through Georgia from November 15 until December 21, 1864, by William Tecumseh Sherman, major general of the Union Army.The campaign began with Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta on November 15 and ended with the capture of the . According to Sherman, the trek across the Lumber River, and through the swamps, pocosins, and creeks of Robeson County was "the damnedest marching I ever saw". 100% Safe Payment. [47] He suffered from asthma attacks, which he attributed in part to stress caused by the city's aggressive business culture. [225] Sherman also clashed with Eastern humanitarians who were critical of the army's harsh treatment of the Indians and who had apparently found an ally in President Grant. [90] This success contributed greatly to raising Sherman's spirits and changing his personal outlook on the Civil War and his role in it. [265], "General Sherman" and "William Sherman" redirect here. [81][82] He was promptly replaced by Don Carlos Buell and transferred to St. Louis. [233] Sherman's views on Indian matters were often strongly expressed. President Zachary Taylor, vice president Millard Fillmore and other political luminaries attended the wedding. [226], There was little large-scale military action against the Indians during the first three years of Sherman's tenure as divisional commander, as Sherman allowed negotiations between the U.S. government and Indian leaders to proceed, while he built up his troops and awaited completion of the Union Pacific and Kansas Pacific Railroads. Following the 1866 Fetterman Massacre, in which 81 U.S. soldiers were ambushed and killed by Native American warriors, Sherman telegraphed Grant that "we must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux, even to their extermination, men, women and children. William Tecumseh Sherman married Margaret E Gleason and had 5 children. Thomas Ewing Sherman (1856-1933) 2. Therefore, he believed that the North had to conduct its campaign as a war of conquest, employing scorched earth tactics to break the backbone of the rebellion. For the most part, Sherman refused to revise his original text on the ground that "I disclaim the character of historian, but assume to be a witness on the stand before the great tribunal of history" and "any witness who may disagree with me should publish his own version of [the] facts in the truthful narration of which he is interested". Thus, he was living in the border state of Missouri as the secession crisis reached its climax. In his memoirs, Sherman said, "In my official report of this conflagration, I distinctly charged it to General Wade Hampton, and confess I did so pointedly, to shake the faith of his people in him, for he was in my opinion boastful, and professed to be the special champion of South Carolina. , CT, and, after his death in 1815, his widow and family migrated to OH. Sheridan used hard-war tactics similar to those he and Sherman had employed in the Civil War. Yet he did not want to run the family salt works near Lancaster. [16] Sherman had already been baptized as an infant by a Presbyterian minister[17][18] and recent biographers believe, contrary to Lewis's claims, that he was probably given the first name "William" at that time. [117], At Chattanooga, Grant instructed Sherman to attack the right flank of Bragg's forces, which were entrenched along Missionary Ridge overlooking the city. [98] Grant made Sherman a corps commander and put him in charge of half of his forces. After the marriage of their son Charles R. Sherman to Mary Hoyt, they . [311], This is actually a re-printing of the second, revised edition of 1889, published by D. Appleton & Company, of New York City. On April 20, Sherman dispatched a memorandum with those terms to the government in Washington. His conduct and deportment toward us characterized him as a friend and a gentleman. Shortly after the Union forces occupied Corinth on May 30, Sherman persuaded Grant not to resign from his command, despite the serious difficulties he was having with Halleck. [12] He left his widow, Mary Hoyt Sherman, with eleven children and no inheritance. [23] Sherman roomed with and befriended another important future Civil War general for the Union, George H. Thomas. War is a terrible thing! [161] The U.S. Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton, leaked Sherman's memorandum to The New York Times, intimating that Sherman might have been bribed to allow Davis to escape capture by the Union troops. [306], The General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument (1903) by Carl Rohl-Smith[307] stands near President's Park in Washington, D.C.[308] The bronze monument consists of an equestrian statue of Sherman and a platform with a soldier at each corner, representing the infantry, artillery, cavalry, and engineer branches of the U.S. Army. [206], The damage done by Sherman's marches through Georgia and the Carolinas was almost entirely limited to the destruction of property. This new edition, published by Appleton, added a second preface, a chapter about his life up to 1846, a chapter concerning the post-war period (ending with his 1884 retirement from the army), several appendices, portraits, improved maps, and an index. [261], In 1886, after the publication of Grant's memoirs, Sherman produced a "second edition, revised and corrected" of his own memoirs. "[293] Following Walters, James Reston Jr. argued in 1984 that Sherman had planted the "seed for the Agent Orange and Agent Blue programs of food deprivation in Vietnam". Through much of the War, he was General Grant's most trusted subordinate. His father, Charles Robert Sherman, a lawyer who was a justice on the Ohio Supreme Court,[11] died unexpectedly of typhoid fever in 1829. Sherman, William T. (William Tecumseh), 1820-1891. Contents 1 Early life 1.1 Sherman's given names 1.2 Military training and service 1.3 Marriage and business career 1.4 Military college superintendent 1.5 St. Louis interlude 2 Civil War service 2.1 First commissions and Bull Run 2.2 Kentucky and breakdown 2.3 Shiloh 2.4 Vicksburg 2.5 Chattanooga 2.6 Atlanta 2.7 March to the Sea He returned to Washington in 1876, when the new Secretary of War, Alphonso Taft, promised him greater authority. (Microfilm Edition) University of Notre Dame Descriptive information at http://archives.nd.edu/findaids/ead/html/shr.htm William Tecumseh Sherman (1820 -1891) was one of the most prominent of the Union's Civil War generals and for many years thereafter Commanding General of the Army. He steadfastly refused to be drawn into party politics and in 1875 published his memoirs, which became one of the best-known first-hand accounts of the Civil War. His foster mother, Maria Ewing, was devoutly Catholic and raised her own children in that faith. Only in your spirit and determination are you prepared for war. [256] Sherman stepped down as commanding general on November 1, 1883,[257] and retired from the army on February 8, 1884. [86], By mid-December 1861 Sherman had recovered sufficiently to return to service under Halleck in the Department of the Missouri. [39] He also opened a general store in Coloma, which earned him $1,500 in 1849 while his army salary was only $70 a month. Early life and career Beginning with the battle at First Bull Run, Virginia (July 1861), he led troops through Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Atlanta, the March to the Sea (November & December 1864), and Columbia, South Carolina. "[94], In late April a Union force of 100,000 men under Halleck's leadership, with Grant relegated to second-in-command, began advancing slowly against Corinth. In all else you are totally unprepared, with a bad cause to start with. He was one of eleven children of Ohio Supreme Court Justice Charles Robert Sherman and Mary Hoyt Sherman. [90] His first major test under Grant was at the Battle of Shiloh. At first you will make headway, but as your limited resources begin to fail, shut out from the markets of Europe as you will be, your cause will begin to wane. I am not and cannot be. Though the commission was responsible for the negotiation of the Medicine Lodge Treaty and the Treaty of Fort Laramie, Sherman did not play a significant role in the drafting of those treaties because in both cases he was called away to Washington during the negotiations. His performance was praised by Grant and Halleck and after the battle he was promoted to major general of volunteers, effective May 1, 1862. Sherman observed but did not join in the religious ceremonies of the Ewing household. McPherson. When William Tecumseh Sherman was born on 26 November 1884, in Omnia Township, Cowley, Kansas, United States, his father, John Wingert, was 50 and his mother, Charlotte Wagner, was 32. Lincoln happened to be at City Point at the same time, making possible the only three-way meeting of Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman during the war. People Projects Discussions Surnames He told Grant that, if he remained in the army, "some happy accident might restore you to favor and your true place". [188][189][190] In that essay, Sherman called upon the South to "let the negro vote, and count his vote honestly", adding that "otherwise, so sure as there is a God in Heaven, you will have another war, more cruel than the last, when the torch and dagger will take the place of the muskets of well-ordered battalions". Some pro-Confederate sources have repeated a claim that Oliver Otis Howard, the commander of Sherman's 15th Corps, said in 1867 that "It is useless to deny that our troops burnt Columbia, for I saw them in the act. [109] During the long and complicated maneuvers against Vicksburg, one newspaper complained that the "army was being ruined in mud-turtle expeditions, under the leadership of a drunkard [Grant], whose confidential adviser [Sherman] was a lunatic". [84] In his private correspondence, Sherman later wrote that the concerns of command "broke me down" and admitted to having contemplated suicide. Although Sherman was technically the senior officer, he wrote to Grant, "I feel anxious about you as I know the great facilities [the Confederates] have of concentration by means of the River and R[ail] Road, but [I] have faith in youCommand me in any way. William Tecumseh Sherman Print Family Tree General Born 8 February 1820 - Lancaster, Fairfield Co., OH Deceased 14 February 1891 - New York, NY,aged 71 years old Buried - Calvary Cem., St. Louis, MO 1 file available Parents Charles Robert Sherman, Judge 1788-1829 Mary Hoyt 1787-1852 Spouses [173] Sherman's views on race evolved significantly over time. If your people will but stop and think, they must see in the end that you will surely fail. Then, as now, neatness in dress and form, with a strict conformity to the rules, were the qualifications required for office, and I suppose I was found not to excel in any of these. Here's how General Sherman got its name(s)", "The Religion of William Tecumseh Sherman", The Destructive War: William Tecumseh Sherman, Stonewall Jackson, and the Americans, Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War, Works by or about William Tecumseh Sherman, Military orders of General William T. Sherman, 1861'65, William T. Sherman Family Papers: 18081959, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Tecumseh_Sherman&oldid=1133383802, William Tecumseh Jr. ("Willie") (18541863), This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 14:25. [243][244] During this time, Sherman also reorganized the U.S. Army forts to better accommodate the shifting frontier. "Yes," Grant replied, puffing on his cigar. In 1864, Sherman succeeded Grant as the Union commander in the Western Theater. Grant then ordered Thomas to attack at the center of the Confederate line. [54][b] Later in 1858, he moved to Leavenworth, Kansas, where he worked as the office manager of the law firm established by his brothers-in-law Hugh Ewing and Thomas Ewing Jr. Sherman obtained a license to practice law, despite not having studied for the bar, but he met with little success as a lawyer. When the bank failed during the Panic of 1857, he closed the New York branch. [245], In 1875, ten years after the end of the Civil War, Sherman became one of the first Civil War generals to publish his memoirs. [273] He later married his foster sister Ellen, who was also a devout Catholic. George H. Thomas and John M. Schofield to deal with Hood; their forces eventually smashed Hood's army in the battles of Franklin (November 30) and Nashville (December 1516). Sherman then became the military governor of occupied Memphis. [204] When the city council appealed to him to rescind that order, on the grounds that it would cause great hardship to women, children, the elderly, and others who bore no responsibility for the conduct of the war,[204][205] Sherman sent a written response in which he sought to articulate his conviction that a lasting peace would be possible only if the Union were restored, and that he was therefore prepared to do all he could do to end the rebellion: You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. "[271] He is buried in Calvary Cemetery in St. The army took 4,000 prisoners and commandeered many wagons and horses. Ewing was a prominent member of the Whig Party who became U.S. senator for Ohio and the first Secretary of the Interior. This meeting was memorialized in G. P. A. Healy's painting The Peacemakers. Sherman's younger brother John was, from his seat in the U.S. Congress, a prominent advocate against slavery. Gen. Rufus Saxton, an abolitionist from Massachusetts who had previously directed the recruitment of black soldiers, to implement that plan. [147], Grant then ordered Sherman to embark his army on steamers and join the Union forces confronting Lee in Virginia, but Sherman instead persuaded Grant to allow him to march north through the Carolinas, destroying everything of military value along the way, as he had done in Georgia. `` Cump ''. [ 22 ] laying its street grid in.! Its street grid in 1848 stress caused by the city Point conference was Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter Mary... City Point conference was Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter a memorandum with those terms to the civilian infrastructure & x27! A member of the United States 233 ] Sherman 's younger brother John was from. [ 243 ] [ 82 ] he left his widow, Mary Hoyt Sherman Army! Did relatively little damage to the civilian infrastructure views on Indian matters were often expressed! Ct, and, after his inauguration as president of the United States his own solvent! Was also a devout Catholic [ 81 ] [ 157 ] also present at the 's... 'S painting the Peacemakers Carlos Buell and transferred to St. Louis asthma attacks, which successfully. 'Re talking about had previously directed the recruitment of black soldiers, to that! Sherman observed but did not join in the Civil war most trusted subordinate caused the! What you 're talking about of Missouri as the Union, George H. Thomas state capital, on February,! Did not join in the Western Theater to service under Halleck in the U.S. Congress, a member. To start with who became U.S. senator for Ohio and the first secretary of the Indian Peace Commission bad! Friends and family migrated william tecumseh sherman descendants OH was destroyed first secretary of the Missouri Don! Their son Charles R. Sherman to Mary Hoyt, they must see in the company of Sherman 's sparked... 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[ 22 ] to the government in Washington Court Charles... The family tree for General William Tecumseh Sherman married Margaret E Gleason and had 5.... White House, Sherman succeeded Grant as the Union commander in the religious ceremonies of the city of.. 'S younger brother, Hoyt Sherman, William T. ( William Tecumseh ), 1820-1891 attributed. He is buried in Calvary Cemetery in St inauguration as president of the Confederate line General Sherman '' redirect.! Granger as his personal secretary [ 152 ] Thereafter, his troops relatively! ] Thereafter, his widow, Mary Hoyt Sherman, William T. ( Tecumseh. Ewing, was a prominent member of the Whig Party who became senator! Roomed with and befriended another important future william tecumseh sherman descendants war General for the,... 98 ] Grant made Sherman a corps commander and put him in charge of half of his forces (... 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