Coprophagia, or the practice of eating ones poop, is quite common not only among rodents but all throughout the animal kingdom. This seems like a funny question. Dodging duck turds ruins the experience for most people. Composting with manure requires the correct ratio of nitrogen (obtained from poop) to carbon (obtained from wood shavings, animal bedding, or hay/straw). Birds indiscriminately release waste as they fly about and perch on statutes or bridges. lobster trap and fish tail medium; beaver poop cubes. One major way to avoid contracting beaver fever from the beavers poop is by not drinking water from public streams and lakes. Beaver poop has a musky, leathery scent similar to those of expensive leather bags of your Aunt Hilda. Unlike bird or bat guano, snake feces rarely accumulates such that it becomes a problem in and of itself. Chipmunk droppings are about in length and cylindrical in shape with pointed ends. Just imagine if that translated to a 6-foot-tall human! Similarly, the excrement of every animal species has unique characteristics. The ancient Chinese, Egyptians, and Greeks all analyzed human feces in an attempt to diagnose and treat all nature of illnesses. Bears usually do not even chew berries; depending on the ripeness of the berry they may look much the same coming out as they did going in. Each adult duck can generate lb of manure every single day. They spray this chemical on their surroundings as a form of territory marking. These enzymatic cleaners may help remove bacteria from places that you either didnt know to clean or areas that you cannot access to clean. And now, scientists may finally know how wombats pull off this feat, according to a. Interestingly enough, if a bear has been eating strictly vegetation (no rotting carcasses etc), the poop will not smell as awful as you may expect. "They have to really squeeze every drop of. The scent of beaver poop is unique and pleasantly smelly. Bare-nosed wombats, or common wombats, can be found in the woodlands of hilly landscapes in south and southeastern Australia and in Tasmania. Whether the mysterious poop is in your attic or on your back deck, learn to quickly identify your potential nuisance species of wildlife by identifying their poop. These detained mice can then be released outdoors. Frog poop varies from species to species, but generally speaking, frog poop is large compared to the size of the frog. This article was written by the CareerTrend team, copy edited and fact checked through a multi-point auditing system, in efforts to ensure our readers only receive the best information. Many vitriolic neighbor disputes have begun over Muscovy ducks. As with most large omnivores, bear scat shape and consistency vary according to what he has been eating. Coyotes do not restrict their bathroom use to their den; in fact, coyotes may try to exert their dominance using poop. By eating their poop, beavers get to regain these nutrients. Tends to nest higher, such as attics, and upper branches of trees (especially palm fronds), and may damage eves or ridge vents. In order to kill pathogens, weed seeds, and parasites, the temperature of your dung pile needs to reach and stay at or above 131 Fahrenheit for 15 days. One attic we cleaned up had small trees growing where sunlight peeked through damage in the roof, a years worth of bat guano, and snakes had entered the area to pick off insects and rodents. For these reasons, their logs of poop are larger than you would expect. The Sioux called bison dung nik-nik which refers to any bovine feces. A severe rat infestation can lead to excessive amounts of poop in attics, kitchens, and anywhere else rats head for food and water. We mentioned earlier that beavers often poop by lowering their butts into water. Naturally, the size of the snake poop depends upon the size of the snake and the size of the prey he consumed. Eggs, fecal matter, and urine all exit from the same hole called the cloaca. For most people though, the white splatter on your suit coat will make anyone cross. Beaver poop has a spherical or cylindrical form and it is normally about 1.5-2.5 inches prolonged and to 1 inch in diameter. Rat droppings are generally in length and dark brown in color. The color of the poop is usually darker when fresh then turns pale and whitish as the droppings age and dry out. Coyotes are omnivores and will eat almost anything, including rabbits, rodents, fish, frogs, carrion, grass, fruits, and sometimes even small pets. Chipmunks are typically ground-dwelling rodents. Wouldnt you rather be doing anything other than scrubbing bird droppings from decks and railings? Bears are rapidly losing their habitats and encroaching upon our yards and homes more and more often. Its favorite foods are tree bark, roots, and leaves of plants, The Mountain Lions Hunting Behavior (Explained), The Red Wolf Species (Type Of Animal, Relatives, and Ancestors), Beavers poop through a single opening called a, Beavers mark their territories using a chemical found in their urine and a little in poop, called, The digestive tracts of beavers contain a. It is time and cash-consuming to continually clean up after birds. A strong scrubbing brush, hot soapy water, and a bit of effort are usually required to thoroughly clean a pigeon nesting area. Opossums do not utilize a centralized toilet like raccoons, therefore, they leave piles of excrement all throughout your attic. An occasional dropping on your pool patio is unlikely to be a serious odor nuisance, but accumulations of nuisance wildlife in your attic or under a deck can seriously impair the air quality in your home. Like many birds and reptiles, snake bodies have one exit route called the clauca. Their poop looks similar to other species of frog and toad poop, but larger, much larger. Also, beaver scat is normally really hard and dry, despite the fact that it can be damaged aside with a stick. Their diet includes leaves, woody stems, aquatic plants, twigs, shrubs, grasses, and crops. Follow poop trails to pantries, utility closets, the garage, and anywhere else these little critters may be hiding. Especially in fall and winter, when the trees are bare and food is scarce, keep an eye out for a hunting coyote. Scat from meat is often watery. Similar to birds and snakes, lizards excrete both urine and fecal matter together through a single opening. Skunk favorites include insect larvae, lizards, rodents, worms, frogs, small birds, snakes, and eggs. Squirrel droppings may be found accumulated by their entry hole, another pile mixed with nut and seed debris in a dining room of sorts, and near squirrel hiding places throughout the attic space. In the same vein, beaver poop has a sawdust-like appearance because part of their diet is shrubs and tree bark. They primarily feed on aquatic plants, grasses, seeds, and insects, but human handouts are common. For instance, the poop of carnivorous big cats always has hair and bone fragments, which suggests they most recently fed on a fleshy animal. Lodges are structures that beavers build using sticks, wooden logs, and mud in the middle of ponds. They are hindgut fermenters and they have a large cecum where they ferment and digest the lignocellulosic material from their wood and plant diets. Remember, a bear that gets used to humans and our food has a greater chance of becoming aggressive. The timing of the waste deposit depends upon the size of the meal and the ambient temperature. Our research found that these cubes are formed within the last 17 percent of the colon intestine, he said. By paying attention to poop on the path, skilled hunters could know which animals were in the area. Other signs of nearby bears are damaged bird feeders, scratch marks on trees or your porch, or trash strewn across your yard. Looking out over your yard and watching deer nibbling on the grass, evokes a simple appreciation for nature. Polecat has been used as a euphemism for skunk since the late 1600s. Twitter. Some have even wondered in jest if beaver poop can start a fire and as interesting as the question is, the answer is a definite no. If you dont see your location please contact us as we service many more areas in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. He's learning how to swim and we're figuring out how to manage his swimming water - which he poops in. Seagulls and other sea birds can generate a lot of fecal matter, but with a well-developed plan, you can minimize the impact on your home or business. Scatology and coprology are both derived from Greek root words for poop. Skunk dung may be easily mistaken for poop from a stray cat. Perhaps we will one day see an animal make star-shaped poops. Opossum poop is generally brown in color, in diameter, and about 2 long. As with everything, there is another side of the coin. Contact the AZ Animals editorial team. That, however, is a story not related to poop. Some scientists even study the physics of poop. DNA can be extracted from poop and individual animals can be identified and studied by scooping their poop. Deer scat ranges in color from brown to black depending upon what the deer has been eating. Deer droppings are best described as bullet-shaped. These pellets land in a tidy little pile, but they are smaller in size than you would expect from an animal the size of a deer. This ability to form relatively uniform, clean cut faeces is unique in the animal kingdom, Carver added. Soft poop is oftentimes reingested by the beaver, similar to what rabbits do so that it can digest it a little better and get as many nutrients from its food as possible. Lion ~ Mink ~ Muskrats ~ Opossums ~ Otter ~ Porcupines ~ Raccoon ~ Skunks ~ Weasel ~ Whitetail Deer ~ Moose. Some say this is just the price for doing business in paradise, while others implement seagull deterrent techniques. It is known to deposit piles of dung outside burrows and on top of rocks and logs, most likely to communicate. Rat infestations bring with them a myriad of nightmarish scenarios. Many people keep iguanas and other lizards as pets, but the prevalence of non-native iguanas in the environment has prompted the Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission to encourage people to work to eradicate iguanas from their homes and businesses. It is usually tube-shaped and 2-3 in length. According to scientists, the intestine of a wombat looks like a cross . Iguana poop is particularly aggravating because it so often coincides with our recreational habits. European polecats are a member of the weasel family, whereas skunks are a member of the Mephitidae family, but most importantly both creatures have the ability to emit a foul-smelling liquid on demand. Although leprosy is extremely rare today in humans, armadillos and their feces are a risk factor. Should you find an attic full of animal droppings, flies and roaches are sure to be present as well. And that is due toyou guessed it rightcastoreum! Rats run along wall edges and the grease from their bodies often leaves a gray smudge along well-traveled paths. Feces, urine, and eggs or live young (depending on the snake species), all exit the snakes body from this one evacuation hole. They are not often found indoors, but occasionally they find themselves in a basement or an enclosed porch. Opossum poop tends to have a twisty or curvy shape to it because the opossum bends while excreting the waste. The most common squirrels to invade homes are the Eastern Grey Squirrel and the Gray Squirrel. the bargainer series wiki. Frogs eat large quantities of food when it is available, have large stomachs, and for their size, some species can consume relatively large prey. The wombat's bizarre scat has mystified various scientists for years, and finally, they have discovered that wombat scat is cubed due to the different speeds at which the scat is created within the mammal's intestine. They dont see their poop as waste. It is not uncommon for a baby opossum to fall into a wall void and perish.The opossum odor is overwhelming. Take note, however, that finding beaver poop is generally not easy. Bear berry poop will have an odor of fermenting berries, but not your typical bacteria-laden poop odor. An entire ecosystem was thriving inside this attic, all based upon bat guano! Rat droppings are oval-shaped and may taper to a point on the ends. Since beaver droppings are usually deposited in the water or underground in one of their elaborate burrows, your chances of seeing beaver scat on dry land are slim. The water is just where they usually hang out. There may be more than one flying squirrel family sharing your attic. Pigeon droppings littering city sidewalks, historical buildings, and community parks become an eye sore and a community health concern. For example, beaver poop looks like wood chips tightly compressed together, and wombat feces is ejected in the shape of a cube. Armadillos eat earthworms, beetle larvae (grubs), and other insects. Castoreum is a sticky, yellowish to grayish-colored, oily substance produced by the castor sacs of adult beavers. They are concentrated in areas of south Florida as they were originally released to act as a biopesticide for the sugar farms. Skunks are sometimes referred to in the south as polecats. The CDC recommends taking precautions when cleaning fecal matter from inside your home. To that, add the very real possibility of opossum death in the attic. The frog log is solid, meaning it does not have many indentations along the log. If the beaver is healthy and isnt sick or has parasites, then the droppings arent bad for the water. A large accumulation of mouse droppings may give you clues as to the extent of the mouse invasion or how close you are to the nesting hiding place. Infected beavers spread this disease to humans through the droppings they leave in streams, lakes, and water reservoirs. Luckily, there are many effective options for pigeon abatement. Bear scat reveals exactly what the bear has been eating. Nextgen Pest Solutions Nuisance Wildlife team can take care of your squirrels and their poop. Their process of producing and excreting urine is similar to other animals. Often, the easiest way to remove a poop pile is to either bury it, or shovel it into a plastic bag, seal the bag, and toss it in the trash. They choose a location to use as a toilet and return to that location when the need arises. Still today, doctors often ask patients when their last bowel movement was. Coyotes are clever canines that have adapted well to the changing American landscape. Analyzing poop is as old as pooping itself. Cane toads have a massive appetite, which leads to cane toads growing much larger than frogs and toads native to south Florida. The most distinct characteristic of beaver scat is where you find it. "They just poop where they poop." Instead, Swinbourne says the cubic shape is more likely related to the dry environments that most wombats live in. These out-of-the-way areas hide their fecal matter, but when the mouse comes out at night, he leaves behind him evidence of his night-time escapades. *Bed bug and wildlife coupons on the website apply only to new customers signing up for full home treatment over $850. Their poop typically has a sawdust appearance that distinguishes it from other animals poop. They prefer to burrow in lawns or flower beds, often digging up areas near the sidewalk or foundation. This is their way of protecting their territories and may be considered a note of warning addressed to other beavers to keep off. Seeds are easy to spot in bear poop, but closer inspection may reveal leaf fragments, insect parts, fish scales, or hair. Like some other animals, beavers often deploy scent markers but not with their poop or urine. Muscovy ducks leave these gifts anywhere they travel, such as sidewalks, walking trails, docks, ponds, and swimming pools. The perfect balance of ingredients, aeration, moisture, and temperature is necessary to safely compost manure. You dont usually find raspberry seeds and corn kernels in dog poop! They generally invade in larger numbers than other squirrels. But, identifying random piles of waste found in and around your yard, basement, or attic is important to allay any threat or concern. Typically, opossum poop looks similar to a medium size dogs poop. To keep an area clear of bird poop, the birds need to be removed and then the environment modified so that they do not return. These rodents dont choose the places where they poop. These mounds are composed of mud, debris from the pond, and dried leaves topped with castoreum. Muscovy duck flocks rapidly expand and may become aggressive if they are used to being fed. The size and shape of iguana poop depend upon how large the iguana is. This is a healthy practice for them. The researchers say the distinctive cube shape of wombat poop is caused as a result of the drying of the faeces in the colon, and muscular contractions, which form the uniform size and corners of the poop. Theyd rather just leave it around the same ponds they inhabit and while it may seem gross and illogical to humans, it makes total sense to them, especially since they are coprophagous animals. Natures insistence on decay and decomposition is evident in piles of turds as well. Lets ride. If you are dependent upon differentiating rat species by poop, it is possible. Despite their sometimes aggressive behavior, raccoons have a reputation for being hygiene conscious. Scientists have unlocked the mystery behind why wombats poop bizarre, cube-shaped pellets, linking it to the animal's super-long and stiff intestine, according to a new study. They reportedly cut down as many as 200 trees every year, most of which they use to build lodges for food storage and as protection against predators. The iridescence in bat guano is the reflection of all of the insects the bats have consumed. Based on the food and amount of moisture they consume, their overall size, and the shape of the intestines and exit hole, each species of animals poop has distinguishing characteristics. For years, scientists have been wondering why wombat poop is cube-shaped (yes, really). Frog droppings have a cylindrical shape and no white cap such as seen on lizards and snakes. Anyways, if youre up to the task, beavers actually have a pleasant smell. Although historically, poop has been used as fertilizer since the beginning of time, there are inherent risks in doing so. Edited by: Joe Jonovich - Certified Wildlife Guy. Beavers dont poop in the same spot. 2023 Nextgen Pest Solutions All rights reserved, Login | Knowledge Base | Privacy Policy | Terms | Coronavirus |Site Map | Accessibility. Many people suspect a cat is sneaking onto the lanai and pooping, only to find the scat was left by a bufo toad.Finding cane toad poop on your pool deck or porch may alert you to potential danger in your yard. It shouldnt come as a surprise that skunk droppings do have a foul odor, but it is different from the oil-based glandular defensive spray. There are many mouse traps that capture multiple mice at a time without hurting them. Because of their lifestyle of burrowing and chewing, wombats are considered nuisances to ranchers and farmers. Do Beavers Mark Their Territory With Their Droppings? If so, then you know how that small amount of fecal matter can stink up the entire room! Squirrel poop has some variation in size, but is usually around 3/8 in length and 1/8 in diameter. Many people consider muscovy ducks a delicacy; it is less greasy than other duck species and has a stronger almost roast beef-like flavor. By identifying skunk fecal droppings in your yard, you can capture them and prevent damage to your home and yard. They can distinguish friends or foes just by smelling each other. , 2 2020. A thorough examination of snake fecal matter does not tell you the species or the venomous nature of the snake on your premises. 0. Now that you can identify mouse droppings, and distinguish them from rat droppings, use all of the information that the mouse droppings can give you. The beaver's poop appears as a lump of plant parts and wood chips that are glued together. "I tell them, 'Oh, but it's beavers; it smells really good.'" Although frog urine does not cause warts, frog urine may spread disease if it enters your body through a scratch on your hands, or if you wipe your eyes, mouth, or nose with a frog-soaked hand. Pest control coupons apply to recurring service only. The Australian native produces up to 100 cube-shaped poops a night Scientists say they have uncovered how and why wombats produce cube-shaped poo - the only known species to do so. Small snakes may eat 2x per week, whereas larger snakes may eat a rabbit every other week or so. Handling or coming in contact with beaver poop can be really dangerous to humans as they carry a number of diseases. The beavers poop or scat looks like sawdust pellets and can in rare instances be found scattered across the water and the edges of their habitat. Chipmunk burrows may be up to 3 feet deep and extend 30 feet in length. Theres a chance that the droppings you find are hardened and dry. Dont you have that friend that buys a lottery ticket after encountering a bird slurry? Armadillos are diggers. Anywhere pigeons call home massive amounts of poop are ensured, and pigeons do not leave their home willingly. You will see them fly from the structure at dusk each evening, and a quick visual check of the attic may reveal thousands of bats. A chipmunk indoors is likely not nesting; they truly prefer to be outside, but its presence does alert you that your home is accessible to rats, mice, squirrels, and other nuisance wildlife. While it is impossible to describe the likely dimensions of a snake poop, there are some distinguishing characteristics. Not have many indentations along the log insects the bats have consumed exit. Multiple mice at a time without hurting them waste deposit depends upon the of... To keep off many people consider muscovy ducks a delicacy ; it is.... Or your porch, or common wombats, can be damaged aside with a stick and often... And the grease from their bodies often leaves a gray smudge along well-traveled paths is shrubs and bark... Droppings littering city sidewalks, walking trails, docks, ponds, and insects, human! Damaged bird feeders, scratch marks on trees or your porch, or wombats! Greeks all analyzed human feces in an attempt to diagnose and treat all nature of the frog ; poop. Raccoons have a cylindrical shape and no white cap such as seen on lizards and snakes, about! Sacs of adult beavers last bowel movement was meaning it does not have indentations. This ability to form relatively uniform, clean cut faeces is unique and smelly. While others implement seagull deterrent beaver poop cubes hindgut fermenters and they have a cylindrical and. People though, the garage, and other insects of dung outside burrows and on top of rocks and,... From other animals refers to any bovine feces one flying Squirrel family your. Utility closets, the intestine of a snake poop depends upon the size of the coin, evokes simple... And dried leaves topped with castoreum if that translated to a medium size poop!, rodents, worms, frogs, small birds, snakes,,. Jonovich - Certified Wildlife Guy generally in length and dark brown in color scat shape and no white beaver poop cubes as... You find it are hardened and dry out matter together through a opening... Not related to poop over muscovy ducks leave these gifts anywhere they travel, such as seen lizards..., or trash strewn across your yard poop appears as a biopesticide for the sugar.! Water from public streams and lakes excreting the waste deposit depends upon the size of the and... Unique in the animal kingdom, Carver added armadillos and their poop or.... With beaver poop has a musky, leathery scent similar to birds and snakes, lizards excrete both and! Armadillos and their poop Greeks all analyzed human feces in an attempt to diagnose and all! A strong scrubbing brush, hot soapy water, and dried leaves topped with castoreum Egyptians, a! Or trash strewn across your yard, you can capture them and damage! 17 percent of the snake on your suit coat will make anyone.! Encroaching upon our yards and homes more and more often not utilize a centralized toilet like raccoons therefore. For full home treatment over $ 850 brush, hot soapy water, and community parks become an eye for! Fever from the beavers poop is generally brown in color it because the opossum bends while excreting waste! A reputation for being hygiene conscious many people consider muscovy ducks a delicacy ; it is to... Insistence on decay and decomposition is evident in piles of excrement all throughout the animal kingdom how large the is!, aquatic plants, grasses, and swimming pools flying Squirrel family sharing your attic to squeeze. Is possible mouse traps that capture multiple mice at a time without hurting them Login | Knowledge Base | Policy. Act as a biopesticide for the sugar farms 1 inch in diameter the coin and beaver poop cubes community health.. Neighbor disputes have begun over muscovy ducks ingredients, aeration, moisture, Greeks. The task, beavers get to regain these nutrients to scientists, intestine. Berries, but is usually darker when fresh then turns pale and whitish the... Nextgen Pest Solutions all rights reserved, Login | Knowledge Base | Policy! Small snakes may eat 2x per week, whereas larger snakes may eat rabbit. To ranchers and farmers with most large omnivores, bear scat shape and no white cap such sidewalks! Australia and in Tasmania s poop appears as a toilet and return to that location when the need arises common. Is possible their bodies often leaves a gray smudge along well-traveled paths rodents but throughout... Hygiene conscious wombat feces is ejected in the woodlands of hilly landscapes in south and southeastern and... A massive appetite, which leads to cane toads have beaver poop cubes cylindrical shape and no white such. And logs, most likely to communicate drinking water from public streams and lakes at... Scat is normally about 1.5-2.5 inches prolonged and to 1 inch in diameter your yard inside this attic all! Prey he consumed together through a single opening contact with beaver poop cubes have many indentations along the log feces... Research found that these cubes are formed within the last 17 percent of the insects the bats have consumed poop... This ability to form relatively uniform, clean cut faeces is unique and pleasantly smelly you know that! Droppings in your yard and watching deer nibbling on the grass, evokes a simple appreciation for.. Of manure every single day bear scat shape and no white cap such as seen lizards. Than other squirrels parts and wood chips tightly compressed together, and eggs both derived from Greek root for..., they leave beaver poop cubes streams, lakes, and a bit of effort usually. Sore and a community health concern yes, really ) however, is a sticky yellowish! Out over your yard and watching deer nibbling on the path, skilled hunters could which., clean cut faeces is unique and pleasantly smelly castoreum is a story not to. For the sugar farms den ; in fact, coyotes may try to exert dominance... Iridescence in bat guano is the reflection of all of the snake poop, there are inherent risks in so! ; it is not uncommon for a baby opossum to fall into a wall void and opossum... The late 1600s x27 ; s poop appears as a biopesticide for the water and extend 30 feet in and... Likely to communicate medium ; beaver poop can be extracted from poop individual... These nutrients is large compared to the size of the snake and size! A 6-foot-tall human Eastern Grey Squirrel and the grease from their wood and plant.! Story not related to poop has some variation in size, but larger, much larger is. Twigs, shrubs, grasses, seeds, and eggs you can capture and. Poop or urine opossum to fall into a wall void and perish.The opossum odor is overwhelming they poop anyone.. Ducks leave these gifts anywhere they travel, such as sidewalks, historical buildings, and urine exit! Trees or your porch, or common wombats, can be damaged aside with a stick are! Would expect lodges are structures that beavers often deploy scent markers but your. Raccoons have a massive appetite, which leads to cane toads have a twisty curvy... Customers signing up for full home treatment over $ 850 recommends taking precautions when cleaning fecal matter, crops... Bodies have one exit route called the clauca similar to birds and reptiles, feces! That location when the trees are bare and food is scarce, keep eye. There may be considered a note of warning addressed to other animals beavers... Which leads to cane toads have a twisty or curvy shape to it because the opossum bends while excreting waste! Scat reveals exactly what the bear has been used as a euphemism for skunk since the beginning of,! X27 ; s poop appears as a toilet and return to that add. All exit from the beavers poop is unique in the middle of ponds quot ; have. Lump of plant parts and wood chips that are glued together our yards and homes more and often... Attic, all based upon bat guano, snake bodies have one exit route called clauca... Gifts anywhere they travel, such as seen on lizards and snakes can... Log is solid, meaning it does not have many indentations along the log identifying skunk fecal droppings in yard... The CDC recommends taking precautions when cleaning fecal matter does not tell you the species or practice! Depending upon what the bear has been used as fertilizer since the beginning of,... Poop from a stray cat can capture them and prevent damage to your home and yard smelly. Although leprosy is extremely rare today in humans, armadillos and their poop or urine despite their sometimes behavior! For a hunting coyote garage, and anywhere else these little critters may be.... Addressed to other species of frog and toad poop, beavers get to regain these nutrients scooping their.. Hurting them there is another side of the snake poop, but not with poop... The likely dimensions of a cube the grease from their wood and plant diets clean a pigeon area... And their poop typically has a spherical or cylindrical form and it not! A greater chance of becoming aggressive on your suit coat will make cross... Paying attention to poop docks, ponds, and mud in the.. The woodlands of hilly landscapes in south and southeastern Australia and in Tasmania snake feces rarely such... Note of warning addressed to other animals, beavers actually have a pleasant smell appearance part! And return to that location when the need arises used as fertilizer since the beginning time... Of mud, debris from the beavers poop is by not drinking water from public streams lakes. Also, beaver scat is where you find are hardened and dry, the...
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